A fatal complication due to radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: atrio-esophageal fistula Bingur Sonmez, MD, Ergun Demirsoy, Naci Yagan, MD, Mehmet Unal, MD, Harun Arbatli, MD, Deniz Sener, MD, Turker Baran, MD, Feryal Ilkova, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 76, Issue 1, Pages 281-283 (July 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00006-7
Fig 1 Bleeding laceration (1.5 cm in diameter) on anterior wall of esophagus 33 cm from incisors, as revealed by esophagoscopy. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 281-283DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00006-7)
Fig 2 Schematic drawing of topographical relationship between the heart (left) and the surrounding tissue (right). Anterioposterior and sagittal view demonstrate the proximity of the esophagus and the left atrium, separated by only the adventitia of the esophagus and the pericardium (arrow). (IVC = inferior vena cava; CS = coronary sinus; LA = left atrium, LPV = left pulmonary vein; PA = pulmonary artery; RA = right atrium; RPV = right pulmonary vein; RSPV = right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein; SVC = superior vena cava.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003 76, 281-283DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00006-7)