1. Laser Energy Source in Surgical Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Preclinical Experience 
Mathews R. Williams, MD, Jennifer M. Casher, MD, Mark J. Russo, MD, MS, Kimberly N. Hong, MHSA, Michael Argenziano, MD, Mehmet C. Oz, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 82, Issue 6, Pages (December 2006)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Bipolar cardiograms from the surface; right atrium (RA) and right pulmonary veins (RPVs) after removal of the cross-clamp. The rhythm is a slow junctional, but the posterior left atrium containing the pulmonary veins are in a spontaneous “flutter like” rhythm that neither influences nor is influenced by the remainder of the atrium, indicating a successful isolation.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Bipolar cardiograms from the surface, right atrium (RA) and right pulmonary veins (RPVs) at the time of sacrifice. The right atrium and subsequent ventricular activation demonstrate normal sinus rhythm because the right atrial signal precedes every ventricular depolarization. Pulmonary vein pacing is performed from the pulmonary veins with a corresponding pacing spike (PS) and subsequent local activation (LA) of the posterior left atrium without conduction to the remainder of the atria thus indicating successful isolation.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Lesion from an animal 4 weeks after creation. The lesion is full thickness with a very well demarcated transition zone (arrow) with normal myocardium to the left and ablated tissue with scarring on the right. Figure is oriented with the endocardium to the top left and pericardium to the bottom right.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions