Ionic Compounds

by kind permission of Nick Kim.                                                                          by kind permission of Nick Kim. Na+

Valence Electron Facts the electrons involved in bonding The # of valence electrons is the same as the group number for the atom (1A, 2A, etc)

Valence Electrons and Metals

Electron Configuration & Lewis Dot Structures of Metals Symbol Atomic No. e config Lewis dot H 1 1s1 H Li 3 1s2 2s1 Li Be 4 1s2 2s2 Be B 5 1s2 2s2 2p1 B

Naming Positive Ions The name of the cation is the same as the name of the element plus the term ion magnesium magnesium ion lithium lithium ion

Negative Ions the electrons involved in bonding The # of valence electrons is the same as the group number for the atom (5A, 6A, etc)

Valence Electron and Nonmetals

Electron Configuration & Lewis Dot Structure of Nonmetals Symbol Atomic No. e config Lewis dot N 7 1s2 2s2 2p3 N O 8 1s2 2s2 2p4 O F 9 1s2 2s2 2p5 F

Naming Negative Ions The name of the anion uses the root of the element and the ending -ide plus ion oxygen ox ide ion fluorine fluor ide ion

Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding – the strong vs the weak

Ionic Bonding – e config style Na 3p 3p 3s 3s 2p 2p 2s 2s Na Cl 1s 1s

Ionic Bonding – Lewis dot style Na + Cl  Na+ Cl-

Ionic Bonding – e config style Na 3p 3p 3s 3s 2p 2p 2s 2s Mg Cl 1s 1s

Ionic Bonding – Lewis dot style Mg + _Cl  Mg+2 + Cl-_

More Ionic Bonding and Lewis dot practice _K + _Cl  _Ca + _ Cl  _Ba + _F  _Na + _O 

Multivalent Ions Metal Ions with more than one charge Metal Ions with More than One Ionic Charge - (Inner Transition and Metalloids) Symbol Stock Name Classical Name Cr+2 chromium (II) ion chromous ion Cr+3 chromium (III) ion chromic ion Mn+2 manganese (II) ion manganous ion Mn+3 manganese (III) ion manganic ion Fe+2 iron (II) ion ferrous ion Fe+3 iron (III) ion ferric ion Co+2 cobalt (II) ion cobaltous ion Co+3 cobalt (III) ion cobaltic ion Cu+1 copper (I) ion cuprous ion Cu+2 copper (II) ion cupric ion Hg+1 mercury (I) ion mercurus ion Hg+2 mercury (II) ion mercuric ion Sn+2 tin (II) ion stannous ion Sn+4 tin (IV) ion stannic ion Pb+2 lead (II) ion plumbous ion Pb+4 lead (IV) ion plumbic ion

Practice Naming Simple Ions

Polyatomic Ions Collections of tightly bound atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge examples SO3-2 sulfite ion SO4-2  sulfate ion NO2 -2  nitrite ion NO3-1  nitrate ion ClO2-1  chlorite ion ClO3-1  chlorate ion

Complicated Ions Polyatomic Ions Formula Name H2PO4-1 dihydrogen phosphate ion PO3-3 phosphite ion PO4-3 phosphate ion C2H3O2-1 acetate ion HSO3-3 hydrogen sulfite ion HSO4-4 hydrogen sulfate ion HCO3-1 hydrogen carbonate ion NO2-1 nitrite ion NO3-1 nitrate ion CN-1 cyanide ion OH-1 hydroxide ion MnO4-1 permanganate ion ClO-1 hypochlorite ion ClO2-1 chlorite ion ClO3-1 chlorate ion ClO4-1 perchlorate ion HPO4-2 hydrogen phosphate ion C2O4-2 oxalate ion SO3-2 sulfite ion SO4-2 sulfate ion CO3-2 carbonate ion CrO4-2 chromate ion Cr2O7-2 dichromate ion SiO3-2 silicate ion IO2-1 iodite ion NH4+1 ammonium ion Complicated Ions Polyatomic Ions

Practice Naming Polyatomic Ions and Acids

Ionic Compounds composed of cations and anions electrically neutral total + charge = total – charge Strong vs weak forces (electronegativity) formula units usua lly solid at room temperature have high melting points conduct electricity