1. IONS

2. ISOTOPES
Are atoms that differ in the number of neutrons

3. Atomic Number is to number of protons an atom has
Atomic Number is to number of protons an atom has. It can also be the number of electrons an atom has in an atom if that atom is neutral
Mass Number is the sum of protons and neutrons. It is either given or it can be calculated. It is not on the periodic table
The atomic mass of an element listed in the periodic table is the weighted average of the atomic masses of all isotopes present in nature

4. Iisotope Name
Atomic #
Mass #
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Potassium 37
Oxygen 17
Uranium 238
Boron 11

5. Ions
Ions are charged atoms that are formed by either gaining or losing electrons
Cation is a positively charged atom formed by losing 1 or more electrons (metals)
Anion is a negatively charged atom formed by gaining 1 or more electrons (nonmetals)
Atoms gain or lose electrons so they can have the same number electrons as the closest noble gas

6. MONOATOMIC CATIONS Positively charged atoms of just the 1 element
Monoatomic means just 1 atom
Are your metals
Lose electrons

7. NAMING MONOATOMIC CATIONS
To determine the charge you count “back” to the closest noble gas. That is the charge!
To Name
Name the element
Add ion!

8. MONOATOMIC CATIONS that are not transition elements
Li+
Lithium
Be2+
Beryllium
Na+
Sodium
Mg2+
Magnesium K+
Potassium
Ca2+
Calcium
Rb+
Rhubidium
Sr2+
Strontium
Cs+
cesium
Ba2+
Barium
Al3+
aluminum

9. MONOATOMIC CATIONS THAT ARE TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Name the element
BUT because these have varying charges a Roman Numeral must be used to identify the charge
1+ I
2+ II
3+ III
4+ IV
Etc, etc, etc

10. MONOATOMIC CATIONS WITH VARYING CHARGES!
Cr2+
Chromium II
Cu+
Copper I
Cr3+
Chromium III
Cu2+
Copper II
Fe2+
Iron II
Mn2+
Manganese II
Fe3+
Iron III
Mn3+
Manganese III
Pb2+
Lead II
Sn2+
Tin II
Pb4+
Lead IV
Sn4+
Tin IV
Co2+
Cobalt II
Co3+
Cobalt III

11. MONOATOMIC ANIONS Anions have negative charges
Want to gain as many electrons as the closest noble gas
Names change here!!!
Name the element and get rid of its ending
Add –IDE
Add ion

12. MONOATOMIC ANIONS C4- Carbide N3- Nitride O2- Oxide F- Fluoride P3-
Phosphide
S2-
Sulfide
Cl-
chloride
Se2-
selenide
Br-
Bromide
Te2-
Telluride I-
Iodide

13. POLYATOMIC IONS Are ions of more the one atom
They are typically oxyanions which are anions composed of oxygen and another element
Will have an ending of –ate or –ite
The anion with the smaller number of oxygen uses the root of the element plus –ite
The one with the higher number uses the root plus -ate

14. MUST KNOW IONS PO43- Phosphate PO33- Phosphite NO3- Nitrate NO2-
Nitrite
MnO4-
permanganate
SO42-
Sulfate
SO32-
Sulfite
CO32-
Carbonate
C2H3O2-
Acetate
C2O42-
oxalate

15. AsO43-
Aresenate
CN-
Cyanide
OH-
Hydroxide
NH4+
Ammonium
H3O+
hydronium

16. Halo –Oxy Anions ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4- Chlorite Chlorate perchlorate
hypochlorite
Chlorite
Chlorate
perchlorate
BrO-
BrO2-
BrO3-
BrO4-
Hypobromite
Bromite
Bromate
Perbromate
IO-
IO2-
IO3-
IO4-
Hypoiodite
Iodite
Iodate
Periodate

17. ADDING HYDROGEN TO POLYATOMIC IONS
Put a hydrogen in front of the ion
Increase the charge by 1 each time
Name it
Hydrogen + ion for 1 hydrogen
2 hydrogens would be dihydrogen + ion