March 25, 2015 Questions Subject Area: Ch: 3 Sec: 1 Minerals EQ: What is a mineral? Questions What are the most common elements in minerals? Agenda Roll Finish Chapter 3 Section 1 “What is a Mineral?” Video: “What Exactly are Minerals?” Come in Quietly and sit at your desk, open to your notes, write the new question, and wait quietly for class to begin.

What is a Mineral? Rocks are made up of minerals, but minerals are not made up of rocks. What exactly is a mineral? Ask these following four questions: Is it solid? Is it formed in nature? Does it have crystalline structure? Is it nonliving material?

Is it a Solid? Minerals can’t be gases or liquids.

Is it Formed in Nature? Crystalline materials made by people aren’t classified as minerals.

Is it Nonliving Material? A mineral is inorganic meaning it isn’t made of living things.

Does it have a crystalline structure? Minerals are crystals, which have a repeating inner structure that is often reflected in the shape of the crystal. Minerals generally have the same chemical composition throughout. >>>

Mineral A mineral is naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure. If you do not answer “yes” to all four questions you do not have a mineral.

Minerals: From the Inside Out The question about crystalline structure is a little more difficult to answer than the other three. You need to know more about the elements that make up a mineral.

Elements Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms by ordinary chemical means. All minerals contain one or more of the 92 elements present on the Earth’s crust.

Atom Each element is made up of only one kind of atom.

Atom An atom is the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element.

Compound Most minerals are made up of compounds of several elements. A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements that have been chemically joined, or bonded together. What are the difference between an atom and a compound? Response: The difference between an atom and a compound is …

Crystals When atoms are arranged in a pattern, they form crystals. A mineral is made up of one or more crystals.

Crystals Crystals are solid geometric forms of minerals produced by repeating patterns of atoms that is present throughout the mineral.

Types of Minerals Minerals are divided into two groups based on the elements they are composed of.

Types of Minerals These groups are the silicate minerals and the nonsilicate minerals.

Silicate Minerals Silicon and Oxygen are the two most common elements on the Earth’s Crust. Which two elements are most commonly found in minerals? Response: The two most common elements in minerals are …

Silicate Minerals Minerals that contain a combination of silicon and oxygen are called Silicate Minerals. These make up more than 90% of the Earth’s crust.

What Exactly are Minerals? What did you know? _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? 3. What do you want to know?

Feldspar Feldspar is the most common silicate mineral on the crust.

Feldspar This is the main component of the rocks on the Earth’s surface.

Mica Mica minerals are shiny and soft; they separate easily into sheets when they break.

Quartz Quartz is the basic building block of many rocks.

+ Nonsilicate Minerals Minerals that do not contain a combination of the elements silicon and oxygen form a group called the Nonsilicate Minerals. + How are silicate minerals different from nonsilicate minerals. Response: Silicate minerals are different from nonsilicate minerals because…

Native Elements Native elements are minerals that are composed of only one element. Examples are gold, diamond, copper, and silver.

Carbonates Carbonates are minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygen in their chemical structure. We use these minerals in cement, building stones, and fireworks.

Halides Halides are compounds that form when atoms of the elements fluorine, chlorine, iodine, or bromine combine with sodium, potassium, or calcium. This is better known as rock salt.

Oxides Oxides are compounds that form when an element combines chemically with oxygen. Oxide minerals are used to make abrasives and aircraft parts.

Sulfates Sulfates contain sulfur and oxygen. Sulfates are used in cosmetics, toothpaste, and paint.

Sulfides Sulfides are minerals that contain one or more elements combined with sulfur. Sulfide minerals are used to make batteries, medicines, and electronic parts.

Uses of Rocks and Minerals What did you know? _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? 3. What do you want to know?

Summary Answer the essential question “What is a mineral?” Your answer needs to be in complete sentences. Place your answer at the bottom of the notes we did today. Make sure you include what the most common elements are in minerals. Use your notes to get the answers.

Review 1. Why is a cupcake not a mineral? Response: A cupcake is not a mineral because… Why is water not a mineral? Response: Water is not a mineral because… Why is teeth not a mineral? Response: Teeth are not a mineral because… Why is oxygen not a mineral? Response: Oxygen is not a mineral because…

Homework Chapter 3, Section 1 in the purple workbook. This is found on pages 15 – 17.