ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS S.MORRIS 2006

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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS S.MORRIS 2006

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Presentation transcript:

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS S.MORRIS 2006 More free powerpoints at www.worldofteaching.com

The CELL The cell stores chemical energy and transfers it to electrical energy when a circuit is connected. When two or more cells are connected together we call this a Battery. The cells chemical energy is used up pushing a current round a circuit.

What is an electric current? An electric current is a flow of microscopic particles called electrons flowing through wires and components. - + In which direction does the current flow? from the Negative terminal to the Positive terminal of a cell.

simple circuits Here is a simple electric circuit. It has a cell, a lamp and a switch. Draw and label the picture below. wires cell lamp switch To make the circuit, these components are connected together with metal connecting wires.

simple circuits When the switch is closed, the lamp lights up. This is because there is a continuous path of metal for the electric current to flow around. If there were any breaks in the circuit, the current could not flow. It’s an open circuit.

circuit diagram Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols; cell lamp switch wires

circuit diagrams In circuit diagrams components are represented by the following symbols; cell battery switch lamp buzzer ammeter voltmeter motor resistor variable resistor

types of circuit There are two types of electrical circuits; SERIES CIRCUITS PARALLEL CIRCUITS

SERIES CIRCUITS The components are connected end-to-end, one after the other. They make a simple loop for the current to flow round. If one bulb ‘blows’ it breaks the whole circuit and all the bulbs go out.

Series Duracell

Series Duracell

Series Duracell

Series Duracell

Series Duracell Open Circuit!!

PARALLEL CIRCUITS The components are connected side by side. The current has a choice of routes. If one bulb ‘blows’ there is still be a complete circuit to the other bulb so it stays alight.

Parallel

Parallel Duracell

Parallel Duracell

Parallel Duracell

Parallel Duracell

Parallel Duracell

Parallel Two Complete Circuits Duracell

Comparison Series Circuit Parallel Circuit Definition Resistance Examples Only one path for current to flow Multiple paths for current to flow Total resistance increases Total resistance stays same Holiday lights -Household Current