When you arrive Please get a map, an assignment, and a book. Please begin the map assignment

When you arrive

Unit 1 Review How did humanity transition from a nomadic life style to an established life style and establish an advanced way of life called “Civilization”. Paleolithic Age Humanity was nomadic, moving from place to place. Basic Culture and Technology existed Neolithic Age Humanity begins to settle in small villages. Culture and Technology become more advanced. Civilization: 5 characteristics Eastern Mediterranean: Summer and Egypt Civilizations in Americas: Olmec and Mayan The Agriculture Revolution 2 million BCE ……………………………………………….500BCE

Overall Essential Question: “How did the Iron Age and the Indo-European migrations lead to the rise of Classical Civilizations and their “Golden Ages”? How did continued migrations lead to their fall.

Today’s Key Questions Why does the Classical Age begin in 1500BCE? Why does it end in 476CE? What defines the Classical Age as an age in history? Classical Civilizations Economic Specialization Interdependence Monotheism The Indo-Europeans

The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age: from 1200 BCE to 476 CE Why 1500BCE and 476 CE? First we will look at why 1200 BCE? The Classical Period begins 1500 BCE with the Rise of the Hittite Empire. The fall of this empire and the spread of their main technology greatly changed the world. A. The Hittites had invented the process of taking iron ore from rocks and using it to make tools and weapons. Iron provided a great advantage. It is a harder metal that keeps a much sharper edge than copper and bronze. b. The Hittites tried to keep this technology to themselves but they could not. c. 1200BCE marks the spread of this technology to the rest of the world.

Why? Who? IRON WORKING How? +/- Effects?

1500BCE marks the beginning of migration of the Indo-Europeans The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age: from 1200 BCE to 476 CE Why 1500BCE? 1500BCE marks the beginning of migration of the Indo-Europeans Indo-Europeans: A large group of people from South Central Asia who all spoke a language that was from the same family. These people began to leave SC Asia to find new places to live. They migrated to India, Middle East, and Europe to become the people we know today. This group came to already civilized areas and established new Empires

Why? What? MIGRATION How? +/- Effects?

The Push and Pull of Migration PUSH: LEAVE PULL:GO TO

The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age: from 1200 BCE to 476 CE Why 476CE? 476CE is the end of this era because it marks the fall of the Roman Empire. What defines a Classical Age in World History? An age in history defined by common ways of life that all people share.

The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age Common Characteristics: Characteristic #1: They were Classical Civilizations – an advanced way of life that has improved each of the 5 characteristics of civilization. Advanced Cities: larger and more populated – new building material used to make larger buildings – public works expand to meet the needs of larger population. Specialized Workers: more new jobs develop that require new skills – social classes are determined by wealth (gold, silver, land or all) Complex institutions: new systems of religion, government, economics, and education are made to help large population survive. Record Keeping: The rise of the Phonetic languages and more uses for it. Phonetic Languages: a symbol represents a sound. Technology: all technological advances improve existing technology.

The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age Common Characteristics: Characteristic #2: These Classical civilizations were Empires Empire: a large area of land with many different cultures ruled by one person or a group. Founding: The ruling group uses military conquest to win more territory and people. Governance: A new system of government is created that can rule the expanding territory and population. Golden Age: due to more order because of the government, great economic prosperity is achieved. Many intellectual and cultural achievements are made. The Fall: as new people come to the empire and the system of government fails, the empire falls and is split up into smaller political units.

The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age Common Characteristics: Characteristic #3: New Systems of Government Due to the large number of people, new systems of government are created. These new governments give power to more people. Characteristic #4 New Religious Systems The old polytheistic systems no longer work. These religions relied on force and fear to work. They are replaced by monotheistic religions which teach people to behave correctly. Monotheism: a system of religion that has one god.

The Overall Period Characteristics: The Classical Age Common Characteristics: Characteristic #5 Economic Interdependence Each area of the empire begins to specialize Economic Specialization: the production of 1 to 3 key resources and using them to trade for the things you need to survive. This leads to interdependence: when areas depend on other areas through trade

Foundations Age vs. Classical Ages / Changes – Continuities Changes: larger political units ruled by new systems of government and religions that depend on each other through trade. Continuities: Each of these areas is greatly influenced by their environment: These changes were caused by the beginning of the Iron Age and the Indo-European migrations.

Characteristic #1 They were Classical Civilizations Advanced Cities: Specialized workers: Complex institutions: Record Keeping: Phonetic languages Technology: The Pattern of Technological Development:

Characteristic #2: These classical Civilizations were Empires Empire: All empires go through the following phases Founding Governance Golden Age Fall

Characteristic #3: New systems of Governments Due to the larger number of people, new systems of government are created. These new governments extend power to more people.

Characteristic #4: New religious systems The old polytheistic religions no longer work. They are replaced by Monotheistic Religions that focus on teaching people to behave correctly. Monotheism:

Characteristic #5: Economic Interdependence Economic Specialization:

Today’s Key Questions Why does the Classical Age begin in 1500BCE? Why does it end in 476CE? What defines the Classical Age as an age in history? Classical Civilizations Economic Specialization Interdependence Monotheism The Indo-Europeans