Chemical Nomenclature Chapter 6 Chemical Nomenclature Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.1 Introduction to Nomenclature Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

A system of names used in a science. Nomenclature: A system of names used in a science. The key to learning such a system is to minimize memorization and develop an understanding of a systematic procedure for naming chemical compounds. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.2 Formulas of Elements Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Goal 1 Given a name or formula of an element in Figure 5.9, write the other. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

chemical formulas of those elements. In Chapter 5 you learned the symbols of 35 elements. In this chapter you will learn the chemical formulas of those elements. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

The tiniest independent particle of a pure substance. Molecule: The tiniest independent particle of a pure substance. For most elements, the smallest independent particle is a single atom. Their formula is the elemental symbol. Examples Element Formula Helium Lithium He Li Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Seven elements form diatomic molecules under normal conditions Di- means two The smallest particle of these elements is two atoms that are chemically attached to each other The chemical formula of a diatomic molecule is the elemental symbol followed by a subscript of 2 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

7 elements occur in nature as diatomic (two-atom) molecules: the formula of hydrogen is H2 the formula of nitrogen is N2 the formula of oxygen is O2 the formula of fluorine is F2 the formula of chlorine is Cl2 the formula of bromine is Br2 the formula of iodine is I2 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Some other elements commonly form polyatomic (many-atom) molecules Some other elements commonly form polyatomic (many-atom) molecules. However, their natural molecular form varies, so we will write their formulas as if they were monatomic (one-atom) species. This will not affect calculations involving these elements. Element Formula carbon phosphorus sulfur C P S Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

He Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Cl2 P or P4 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

S or S8 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

C or C60 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.3 Compounds Made from Two Nonmetals Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Goal 2 Given the name or formula of a binary molecular compound, write the other. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Goal 3 Given the name or the formula of water, write the other; given the name or the formula of ammonia, write the other. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Compounds formed by two nonmetals or a metalloid and a nonmetal The stair-step line in the periodic table separates elements on the left that are metals from elements on the right that are nonmetals. Several elements bordering on this line are metalloids or semimetals. Compounds formed by two nonmetals or a metalloid and a nonmetal are called binary molecular compounds. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Naming binary molecular compounds: 1. The first word is the name of the first element in the compound, modified with a prefix to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule. 2. The second word is the name of the second element in the compound, changed to end in -ide, modified with a prefix to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca- Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

change 2nd word to end in -ide = oxide Examples: Write the name of I2O5. 2 = di- I = iodine first word is diiodine 5 = penta- O = oxygen change 2nd word to end in -ide = oxide second word is pentoxide Answer: diiodine pentoxide Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Write the formula of nitrogen trifluoride. No prefix on first word = mono- is implied: 1 The symbol of nitrogen is N 2nd word prefix tri- = 3 -fluoride is an “-ide modified” fluorine = F Answer: NF3 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Two important exceptions to the binary molecular compound nomenclature rules: H2O is water NH3 is ammonia Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.4 Names and Formulas of Ions Formed by One Element Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Goal 4 Given the name or formula of an ion in Figure 6.3, write the other. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Figure 6.3 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Charged particle formed when a neutral atom Ion: Charged particle formed when a neutral atom or molecule loses or gains electrons Cation: Positively-charged ion. Formed when a neutral atom or molecule loses one or more electrons. Anion: Negatively-charged ion. Formed when a neutral atom or molecule gains one or more electrons. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Ion formed from a single (mono-) atom Monatomic ion: Ion formed from a single (mono-) atom Formula of a monatomic ion: Elemental symbol followed by superscript size of charge and sign of charge (if the size of the charge is 1, the 1 is omitted) Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Name of a monatomic cation: Name of element, followed by the word ion Name of a monatomic anion: Name of element changed to end in -ide, followed by the word ion Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

The charge on a main-group (U.S. A group) ion corresponds to its group number: Group 1A 2A 3A 5A 6A 7A Charge 1+ 2+ 3+ 3– 2– 1– Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

What is the the formula of sodium ion? Examples: What is the the formula of sodium ion? Sodium is in Group 1A, so its ion has a 1+ charge We write the symbol of the element, followed by the charge in superscript, omitting the 1 Na+ Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

What is are the name and formula of the ion formed from a sulfur atom? Sulfur is in Group 6A, so it forms 2– ions; write the symbol of the element, followed by the charge in superscript: S2– A monatomic anion is named by changing the name of the element to end in -ide, followed by the word ion: sulfide ion Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Many transition elements (U.S. B groups) form multiple ions with different charges All transition-element ions have a positive charge To distinguish among the ions, the magnitude of the charge is included with its name: Cr2+ is chromium(II) ion Cr3+ is chromium(III) ion Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Three of the transition element ions almost always occur with only one charge, so chemists do not write the magnitude of the charge in their names: Ni2+ is nickel ion Zn2+ is zinc ion Ag+ is silver ion You must memorize their charges Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

The mercury(I) ion is a special case: it is a diatomic (two-atom) ion: Hg22+ It is named as if single atoms existed separately: mercury(I) ion Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

What is the formula of copper(II) ion? What is the name of Zn2+? Example: What is the formula of copper(II) ion? What is the name of Zn2+? The symbol for copper is Cu (II) indicates the 2+ ion Cu2+ The name of Zn is zinc Zinc has just one common charge, so its charge is not included in its name zinc ion Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.8 Formulas of Ionic Compounds Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

A combination of cations and anions that form a crystalline solid Ionic compound: A combination of cations and anions that form a crystalline solid Must be electrically neutral Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Second Edition Copyright © 2004 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

How to Write the Formula of an Ionic Compound Write the formula of the cation, followed by the formula of the anion, omitting the charges Insert subscripts to show the number of each ion needed in the formula unit to make the sum of the charges equal to zero with the fewest number of ions possible If only one ion is needed, omit the subscript If a polyatomic ion is needed more than once, enclose the formula of the ion in parentheses and place the subscript after the closing parenthesis Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

What is the formula of magnesium chloride? Examples: What is the formula of magnesium chloride? Magnesium ion is in Group 2A/2, so its formula is Mg2+ Chlorine is in Group 7A/17, so chloride ion is Cl– Two 1– ions are needed to balance the 2+ ion MgCl2 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Refer to this table for your Polyatomic ions Refer to this table for your Polyatomic ions. Some General Chemistry Courses will require you to memorize most of these. Be prepared to do that!!! Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

What is the formula of aluminum oxide? Aluminum is in Group 3A/13, so aluminum ion is Al3+ Oxygen in in Group 6A/16, so oxide ion is O2– The least common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6, so 2 x 3+ balances 3 x 2– Al2O3 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

What is the formula of barium nitrate? Barium is in Group 2A/2, so barium ion is Mg2+ The formula of nitric acid is HNO3, so nitrate ion is what results when the H+ is removed, so it is a 1– ion, NO3– Two 1– ions are needed to balance the charge of the 2+ ion, and to retain the identity of the nitrate ion, enclose it in parentheses Ba(NO3)2 Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.9 Names of Ionic Compounds Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Goal 9 Given the formula of an ionic compound made up of identifiable ions, write the name of the compound. Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

How to Write the Name of an Ionic Compound Write the name of the cation Write the name of the anion To name an ionic compound containing a metal that commonly is capable of having more than one ionic charge, the compound name includes the charge of that metal Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Write the name of the following compound: Examples: Write the name of the following compound: Zn(NO3)2 Zinc ion has only one common charge, 2+, so the magnitude of the charge is not included in its name: zinc ion NO3– comes from the memorized acid HNO3, nitric acid -ic changes to -ate: nitrate ion zinc nitrate Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Write the name of the following compound: Examples: Write the name of the following compound: CoCl2 Cobalt ion has more than one common charge Chlorine, Cl, is in Group 7A/17, so it forms a 1– ion that ends in -ide: chloride ion Two 1– ions means the positive charge must be 2+: cobalt(II) ion cobalt(II) chloride Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.11 Summary of the Nomenclature System Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Section 6.12 Common Names of Chemicals Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.

Presentation Slides to Accompany Cracolice/Peters Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach, Third Edition Copyright © 2007 Brooks/Cole, a part of the Thomson Corporation.