1. Chemical Names and Formulas

2. Molecules
The smallest electrically neutral unit of a substance
Oxygen

3. Molecular Compounds
Atoms of different elements combine chemically to form compounds
Water

4. Ions Atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge.
An ion forms when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains electrons

5. Cations and Anions Cations form ions by losing one or more electrons
Remember, electrons are negative. If you lose a negative you become more positive
Anions form ions by gaining one or more electrons
Remember, electrons are negative. If you gain a negative you become more negative

6. Ionic Compounds Compounds composed of cations and anions.
Cations are classified as metals and anions are classified as non-metals.

7. Chemical Formulas
Shows kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance
Monatomic elements are represented by their atomic symbols
If there is more than one element a subscript is used

8. Molecular Formulas
Shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of a compound
Molecular formulas show the composition of the molecule but does not tell you the molecule’s structure

9. Formula Unit Lowest whole-number ratio of ions in a compound NaCl 1:1
MgCl2 1:2

10. Law of Definite Proportions
In samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions
If you had 100g of magnesium sulfide and break it down into its elements, you will always obtain 43.13g of magnesium and 56.87g of sulfur

11. Law of Multiple Proportions
Whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in ration of small whole numbers
H2O O 1
H2O2 O 2

12. Monatomic Ions

13. Classic Names of Monatomic Ions
Copper (I) Cuprous
Copper (II) Cupric
Iron (II) Ferrous
Iron (III) Ferric
Lead (II) Plumbous
Lead (IV) Plumbic
Tin (II) Stannous
Tin (IV) Stannic

14. Polyatomic Ions
-ite endings have 1 less oxygen atoms than the –ate endings

15. Binary Compounds Compounds composed of two elements. Cation goes first
Anion is second with the ending replaced with –ide
Overall charge must be zero

16. Ternary Compounds
Compound that contains atoms of three different elements
Usually contain a polyatomic ion

17. Binary Molecular Compounds
Composed of two nonmetallic compounds
Use prefixes to tell how many atoms are in the compound
Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-,
octa-, nona-, deca-

18. Naming Common Acids