Overall commissioning strategy for protons (estd. 2005) Stage A B C D Hardware commissioning Machine checkout Beam commissioning 43 bunch operation 75ns ops 25ns ops I Install Phase II and MKB 25ns ops II No beam Beam Pilot physics run First collisions 43 bunches, no crossing angle, no squeeze, moderate intensities Displace bunches to optimise collisions in the 4 experiments Push performance Performance limit few 1031 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup) 75ns operation Establish multi-bunch operation, moderate intensities Relaxed machine parameters (squeeze and crossing angle) Push squeeze and crossing angle Performance limit 1033 cm-2 s-1 (event pileup) 25ns operation I Nominal crossing angle Push squeeze Increase intensity to 50% nominal Performance limit 2 1033 cm-2 s-1 25ns operation II Push towards nominal performance R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Summary of constraints for 2008 run Equipment Parameter affected Limitation Strategy since a while for Stage A @ 7TeV Beam dump dilution kickers Total Intensity 50% nominal Collimators phase I Aperture * in 1 and 5 2m (0.55m nominal) New for 2008 Detraining of main dipoles Energy 5TeV 3m TCTVBs at 2 and 8 * in 2 and 8 6m Longitudinal blowup in LHC Longitudinal emittance 1eV.s (2.5eV.s nominal) Lower bunch length (and smaller luminous region) Lower momentum spread Lower threshold for longitudinal instability Faster growth rates for IBS All OK for 1eV.s R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Hardware commissioning Strategy for 2008 and 2009 2008 A Hardware commissioning To 5TeV Machine checkout Beam commissioning 5TeV 43/156 bunch operation Train to 7TeV No beam Beam 2009 B C Train to 7TeV Machine checkout Beam Setup 75ns ops 25ns ops I Shutdown No beam Beam R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Parameter tables Compiled by M.Giovannozzi with input by LHCCWG, in particular W. Herr, J. Jowett, E. Métral, E. Shaposhnikova for 43 bunch operation at 5TeV 156 bunch operation at 5TeV 43 bunch operation at 7TeV 156 bunch operation at 7TeV 75ns bunch operation at 7TeV 50ns bunch operation at 7TeV 25ns bunch operation at 7TeV Available on the LHCCWG web site at http://lhccwg.web.cern.ch/lhccwg/Bibliography/TargetMachineParameters.pdf R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

43 bunch parameters 2008 - settings R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

43 bunch parameters 2008 - derived R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Getting ready for Stage A Commissioning plan developed within LHCCWG during 2006 + 2007 Broken down into 12 phases Details developed by the people who will implement it Coordinators, commissioners, EiCs, accelerators system experts Presentations, discussion, follow up Procedures documented on the web Circulation in EDMS for project wide information/approval Each phase reviewed by LTC during 2007 Orthogonal views (system-centric) presented at eLTC in March 2008 Phase A.1 First turn Phase A.2 Circulating pilot Phase A.3 450 GeV first commissioning Phase A.4 450 GeV optics Phase A.5 450 GeV, increasing intensity Phase A.6 450 GeV, two beam operation Phase A.7 450 GeV, collisions Phase A.8 Snap-back and ramp Phase A.9 Top energy, checks Phase A.10 Top energy, collisions Phase A.11 Squeeze Phase A.12 Experimental magnets R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Commissioners responsible for phase/system Accelerator System or activity Commissioner Machine checkout G.Arduini Transfer lines LHC injection and protection J.Uythoven Threading First turn Closed orbit J.Wenninger RF Capture Energy matching 450GeV machine Q, Q’, coupling, Beating and dispersion, Aperture etc M.Giovannozzi Two beam operation R.Assmann Ramp M.Lamont Top energy machine F.Zimmermann Collisions Experimental conditions H.Burkhardt Squeeze S.Fartoukh RF power systems O.Brunner RF low level systems P.Baudrenghien LBDS and protection B.Goddard BI systems R.Jones Collimation Machine protection R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Commissioning procedures (LHCCWG) Phase A.1 First turn Phase A.2 Circulating pilot Phase A.3 450 GeV first commissioning Phase A.4 450 GeV optics Phase A.5 450 GeV, increasing intensity Phase A.6 450 GeV, two beam operation Phase A.7 450 GeV, collisions Phase A.8 Snap-back and ramp Phase A.9 Top energy, checks Phase A.10 Top energy, collisions Phase A.11 Squeeze Phase A.12 Experimental magnets Web based with EDMS approval http://lhccwg.web.cern.ch/lhccwg/Procedures/stageA/stageA_index.htm R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Commissioning procedures - overall All documents follow the same structure R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Commissioning procedures - steps Procedures for phase A.3, 450 GeV, initial commissioning Phase Step Activity Who (OP +) A.3 A3.1 Final RF commissioning with Pilot Intensity RF A3.2 BCTFR and BPM checks with Pilot Intensity BI A3.3 First Commissioning of Beam Dumping System (pilot) BT BI ATB A3.4 Commission systems with higher intensity   (3 x 1010) BT BI RF A3.5 Establish cycling machine (3 x 1010) OP A3.6 Lifetime optimisation (3 x 1010) A3.7 Further commissioning of beam instrumentation (3 x 1010) A3.8 Basic optics checks in addition to LOCO Results (3 x 1010) AP BI RF A3.9 Further commissioning of beam dumping system (3 x 1010) BT BI A3.10 Commission feedback systems (3 x 1010) RF BI A3.11 Rough Setting up of the TDI (3 x 1010) BT R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Commissioning procedures - details A3.3, First commissioning of beam dump R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Commissioning procedures - details A3.4, Commission systems with higher intensity R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

System-centric – beam dump R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

System-centric – beam dump R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

MP Commissioning procedures (JU) MPS aspects of … Collimation system commissioning Injection protection system commissioning Beam interlock system commissioning Powering interlock system commissioning Vacuum system commissioning Beam dump system commissioning FMCM system commissioning BLM system commissioning Warm magnet interlock system commissioning EDMS approval http://lhccwg.web.cern.ch/lhccwg/MPS/Procedures/procedures_for_the_commissioning.htm R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Getting BI systems ready (JJG) BI HW Domain BI SW Domain Other Commissioners (ABP/CO/OP) Domain R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Present activities (by phase/system commissioners) Before beam Ensure that the commissioning plan is ready (procedures) Ensure that everything is in place (dry runs) With beam Orchestrate activities from the CCC Make the necessary beam measurements and implement corrections Pass on information to EICs for incorporation into routine operations Make the necessary follow up Close interaction with Machine coordinators System experts EiCs Commissioners G.Arduini J.Uythoven J.Wenninger M.Giovannozzi R.Assmann M.Lamont F.Zimmermann H.Burkhardt S.Fartoukh O.Brunner P.Baudrenghien B.Goddard R.Jones + System experts EiCs … R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Stage A: routes through the commissioning phases Snapback Ramp Injection First turn Snapback Ramp Top energy checks Injection First turn Circulating beam Top energy checks Squeeze Circulating beam 450GeV initial Squeeze 450GeV initial 450GeV optics Ramp both beams Experiment magnets OFF 450GeV optics 450GeV Increase I Top energy Collisions Squeeze both beams 450GeV Increase I Dipoles OFF 450GeV 2 beams Beam 2 Pilot physics Beam 1 450GeV Collisions 2 beams R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Sector test in case of trouble somewhere Beam 2 Beam 1 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Stage A: 5TeV collisions Approx 30 days of beam to establish first collisions Approx 2 months elapsed Given optimistic machine availability Un-squeezed Low intensity Continue commissioning thereafter Increased intensity Squeeze Parameters Rates in 1 and 5 kb N * 1,5 (m) Luminosity (cm-2s-1) Events/ crossing 1 (3) 1010 11 1.1 1027 << 1 4 4.5 1027 43 5.0 1028 4 1010 8.0 1029 3 2.9 1030 0.36 156 1.0 1031 9 1010 5.4 1031 1.8 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

First collisions - 4 on 4 normal bunches 3 5 3 ATLAS sees 11 22 33 44 ALICE sees 21 32 43 14 CMS sees 33 44 11 22 LHCb sees nothing ( IP8 sees 12 23 34 41 ) Collisions here 4 2 4 2 8 2 1 1 1 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

First collisions - 3 on 3 normal, 1 on 1 displaced 5 3 ATLAS sees 11 22 33 44 ALICE sees 43 14 CMS sees 33 44 11 22 LHCb sees 12 Collisions here 4 4 2 2 Minimum to give collisions in all of the 4 experiments is 3 bunches per beam (2 normal, 1 displaced) 8 2 1 1 1 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

First collisions - 2 on 2 normal, 2 on 2 displaced 3 5 3 4 4 ATLAS sees 11 22 33 44 ALICE sees nothing CMS sees 33 44 11 22 LHCb 12 34 Collisions here 2 2 8 2 1 1 1 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Parameter evolution and rates All values for nominal emittance, 10m * in points 2 and 8 All values for 936 or 2808 bunches colliding in 2 and 8 (not quite right) Parameters Beam levels Rates in 1 and 5 Rates in 2 and 8 kb N * 1,5 (m) Ibeam proton Ebeam (MJ) Luminosity (cm-2s-1) Events/ crossing 43 4 1010 11 1.7 1012 1.4 8.0 1029 << 1 Depend on the configuration of collision pattern 3 2.9 1030 0.36 156 6.2 1012 5 1.0 1031 9 1010 1.4 1013 5.4 1031 1.8 936 3.7 1013 42 2.4 1031 2.6 1031 0.15 2 1.3 1032 0.73 6 1010 5.6 1013 63 2.9 1032 1.6 6.0 1031 0.34 1 8.4 1013 94 1.2 1033 7 0.76 2808 1.1 1014 126 7.2 1031 7.9 1031 3.8 1032 0.72 5 1010 1.4 1014 157 1.1 1033 2.1 1.2 1032 0.24 0.55 1.9 1033 3.6 5 TeV 7 TeV R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Configuration of collision pattern 75ns 25ns IP 1 936 2808 IP 2 912 2736 IP 5 IP 8 874 2622 25ns and 75ns operation Nothing to do Collisions determined by bunch pattern 43 or 156 bunch operation Can optimise according to needs Previously thought to displace bunches in one beam (asym) Can do better (symmetrically displace bunches in both beams) Allows to adjust luminosity sharing between 2 and 8 while keeping maximum number of collisions in 1 and 5 Displaced 4 asym 4 sym 11 sym 19 sym 36 sym 68 sym IP 1 43 39 156 IP 2 42 38 34 21 4 152 76 16 IP 5 IP 8 11 19 36 68 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Stage A physics running for ALICE and LHCb Displaced 4 asym 4 sym 11 sym 19 sym 36 sym 68 sym IP 1 43 39 156 IP 2 42 38 34 21 4 152 76 16 IP 5 IP 8 11 19 36 68 All values for nominal emittance, 10m * in point 2 Parameters Beam levels Rates in 2 Rates in 8 kb N * 8 (m) Ibeam proton Ebeam (MJ) Luminosity (cm-2s-1) Events/ crossing 43 4 1010 10 1.7 1012 1.4 8.1 1028 0.1 3.9 1029 6 6.4 1029 0.2 156 6.2 1012 5 3.2 1029 2.3 1030 9 1010 1.4 1013 11 1.6 1030 0.5 1.2 1031 0.9 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008

Aims for 2008 Commission machine to 5TeV Secondary aims Tertiary aims Multiple bunches circulating in each ring (43) Moderate intensities (few 1010) Single beam lifetimes ~ 30h Injection optics (β*= 11 m in IR 1 & 5, β*= 10 m in IR 2 & 8) No squeeze No crossing angle Collisions Secondary aims Commission squeeze in 1 and 5 to 3m Commission squeeze in 8 to 6m Push intensities (156 bunches, high 1010) Tertiary aims Commission crossing angle Commission 75ns beams 106 seconds Realistically (1 and 5) 30 days of physics Efficiency for physics 40% Peak luminosity around 1031 cm-2 s-1 Integrated luminosity ~ 10 pb-1 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008 (106 seconds @ <L> of 1030 cm-2 s-1 → 1 pb-1)

Aims for 2009 Commission high energy operation Mixture of Aim for 7TeV (magnets will decide) 43 /156 bunch running to start (brief) 75ns running 25ns running High 1032 cm-2 s-1 is in reach Mixture of Operation for physics Machine studies Scheduled stops Access, injection, ramp, squeeze etc Colliding beams Ion run ? 5 106 seconds Realistically (1 and 5) 150 days of physics Efficiency for physics 40% Peak luminosity around 1033 cm-2 s-1 Integrated luminosity ~ few fb-1 R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008 (106 seconds @ <L> of 1033 cm-2 s-1 → 1 fb-1)

Summary Commissioning plan developed through 2006 and 2007 Presented and circulated for approval in 2007 Commissioning responsibilities agreed Clear strategy for 2008 and 2009 Performance estimates provided Procedures not expected to be rigidly followed Procedures not expected to be watertight Web version remains the master We think we are ready - we need to get going with beam R.Bailey, LHCMAC June 2008