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Presentation transcript:

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Chapter 8 The Meaning of Crime: Social Structure Perspective Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Sociological Theories Crime is a result of an individual’s location within the structure of society. Crime is the end product of various social processes, especially inappropriate socialization and social learning. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Perspective Crime is explained by reference to the institutional structure of society. Ecological Theories Strain Theories Culture Conflict Theories Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories The Chicago School Criminal activity is associated with urban transition zones which, because of the social turmoil or social disorganization that characterizes them, were typified by lower property values, impoverished lifestyles, and a general lack of privacy. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories Strain Theory Delinquency is a form of adaptive, problem-solving behaviour usually committed in response to problems involving frustrating and undesirable social conditions. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories Differential Opportunity Legitimate opportunities for success Illegitimate opportunities for success Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories Reaction Formation The process in which a person openly rejects that which he or she wants, or aspires to, but cannot obtain or achieve. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories Culture Conflict Theory The root cause of criminality can be found in a clash of values between different social groups over what is acceptable or proper behaviour. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories Subcultural Theory Emphasizes the contribution made by variously socialized cultural groups to crime. Focal Concerns excitement fate autonomy trouble toughness smartness Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Social Structure Theories Violent Subcultures Violence is a learned form of adaptation to certain problematic life circumstances. For participants in violent subcultures violence can be a way of life. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Policy Implications Include initiatives that not only provide new opportunities, but also change the fundamental arrangements of society through direct social action. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.