Internal Forces that Shape the Earth (Plate Actions)
Plate tectonics The movement of tectonic plates upon the Earth
Ring of Fire
Tsunami
Hot Spot
Convergent Boundaries What occurs? Plates collide
Subduction One plate slides beneath another
Where: two ocean plates Trench and island chain TRENCH
Where: continental &ocean plates Landform: Trench and Mountains -trench created by subduction
Boundary: Two land plates collide Landform Created: Mountains
Divergent Boundary What Occurs? plates separate / spread apart
Where Occurs? Two ocean plates separate Landform = Mid ocean ridge
Where Occurs? Two land plates separate Landform = Rift Valley
Transform Boundary Where? Two plates slide against each other
Landform: Fault
IV. Earthquakes and volcanoes form along plate boundaries
External Forces that Shape the Earth
Weathering The breaking down of rock into sediment
Mechanical Weathering Physical actions that creates sediment
Root Action
Frost Wedging
Chemical weathering Chemical process that creates sediment
Carbonic Acid a. Water + Carbon dissolves limestone
b. Creates caves
Acid Rain
Erosion The carrying away of sediment
Wind
Loess Deposits of fine, windblown sediment
Water is the greatest agent of erosion
Ice (glaciers)
Glaciers form U-Shaped valleys
Moraines – ridges of rock and debris deposited by a glacier
Soil Creation Loess (soil composed of inorganic matter) Humus (soil composed of organic matter)