Chemical Bonding Physical Science

Time FOR A LITTLE REVIEW

Metal vs. Nonmetals Metals Nonmetals Left side of the Periodic Table Right side of the Periodic Table plus hydrogen

Valence Electrons The number of electrons on the last energy level Code: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

IONS A charged particle Cations: positive charged ion “+” oxidation number Anions: negative charged ion “—” oxidation number

Oxidation Number Number of electrons an atom will gain or lose to become stable Code: +1, +2, +3, ±4, -3, -2, -1, 0

Chemical Bond Is the force that holds atoms or ions together Three Types Ionic Covalent Metallic

Ionic Bonds Transfer of Electrons Between a metal and a nonmetal Ex: NaCl

Covalent Bonds Sharing of electrons Between a nonmetal and another nonmetal Ex: CO2

Metallic Bonds Sharing of electrons Between a metal and another metal Ex: Alloys

ID if it is Ionic or Covalent KF P4O10 CO MgO H2O LiCl

Diatomic Atoms/Molecules Atoms of the same element bonding together AKA: Super Seven All are Covalent Bonds F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 H2 O2 N2

End of Day One

Naming Binary Compounds Bi—means 2 Either Covalent: 2 nonmetals Ionic: 1 metal and 1 nonmetal

Naming Ionic Binary Compounds 2 elements present 1 metal then 1 nonmetal Steps Write the name of the first element Write the name of the second element Change the ending of the second element to “—ide” Combine together

End Changing Reference Chlorine  Chloride Oxygen  Oxide Nitrogen  Nitride Sulfur  Sulfide Phosphorus  Phosphide Bromine  Bromide Iodine  Iodide Fluorine  Fluoride

Practice Problem #1 #2 AlF3 CaO

Naming Covalent Binary Compounds 2 elements both being nonmetals Steps Name the first elements Name the second element Change the ending of the second element to “—ide” Add prefixes based on the subscribe of each element Place together

Note: “Mono—” is not used on the first element Prefixes 1 = mono— 2 = di— 3 = tri— 4 = tetra— 5 = penta— 6 = hexa— 7 = hepta— 8 = octa— 9 = nona— 10 = deca— Note: “Mono—” is not used on the first element

Practice Problems #3 #4 #5 PCl3 N2O5 CO

End of Day Two

Polyatomic Ions A group of atoms that acts as a single charged unit They are covalent Bonds Ex: PO4—3

Naming Polyatomic Compounds 3 or more elements together Steps Identify the Polyatomic Ion Write the name of the first element Write the name of the polyatomic ions Place together Note: Never change the ending to Polyatomic Ions

Practice Problems #1 #2 KNO3 Li3PO4

Practice Problems #3 #4 NH4OH (NH4)2O

End of Day Three

Writing Binary Formulas

Writing Chemical Formulas If it equals ZERO 4a. Write the symbols next to each other Steps Write the symbols Write the oxidation numbers above the symbols See if the oxidation numbers add to equal zero If it does not equals ZERO 4b. Cross the oxidation numbers and write as subscripts on the opposite symbol (drop the “+” and “—”)

Practice Problem #1 #2 Li & F Mg & Cl

Practice Problem #1 #2 Potassium Oxide K & Cl

End of Day Four

Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions

Special Notes If a coefficient of 2 or 3 is being applied to a polyatomic ion, parentheses goes around the polyatomic ion and the subscript is placed outside to the right

Practice Problem #3 #4 Ca & SO4 Potassium nitrate

Practice Problem #5 #6 Mg & ClO3 Na & PO4

Practice Problem #7 #8 Lithium Acetate NH4 & NO3

End of the Unit