Warm Up 3 2/5 Can DNA leave the nucleus? Instead, a copy of it is made named ____. The process of making a disposable copy of DNA to RNA is called ____. Put the following steps of transcription in order: a. 1 strand of the DNA serves as a template to make mRNA strand. b. mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore. c. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site. d. mRNA goes to a ribosome. e. RNA polymerase unzips the DNA. 5. What is the monomer of protein?

transcription-

Take out your Ch. 12 DNA Main Concepts paper from yesterday Skip a line from DNA Replication. Write Transcription & underline it. Write a summary about the process of transcription. What is it? Why is it necessary? What do we start and end with? What are the steps? Where does it take place? Where does it go when finished? Include the words: RNA polymerase, promoter, intron, exon, mRNA, ribosome

Translation- RNA to Protein

rRNA (ribosomal)- makes up major part of ribosomes

Genetic Code “Language” of mRNA read 3 bases at a time- codon codes for amino acid

Second mRNA base U C A G UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG Met or start Phe Leu lle Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala UAU UAC UGU UGC Tyr Cys CAU CAC CAA CAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AAU AAC AAA AAG AGU AGC AGA AGG GAU GAC GAA GAG GGU GGC GGA GGG UGG UAA UAG Stop UGA Trp His Gln Asn Lys Asp Arg Gly First mRNA base (5′ end) Third mRNA base (3′ end) Glu

a chain of amino acids= polypeptide chain= protein Connected by peptide bonds

Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene 3 DNA strand (template) mRNA Protein Amino acid A C molecule Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene 3 DNA strand (template) TRANSCRIPTION mRNA Protein TRANSLATION Amino acid A C G T U Trp Phe Gly Ser Codon 3′ 5′

tRNA (transfer)- transfer each amino acid to the ribosome as specified by mRNA

tRNA attaches the correct anticodon to the corresponding codon on the mRNA TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DNA mRNA Ribosome Polypeptide Amino acids tRNA with amino acid attached tRNA Anticodon Trp Phe Gly A G C U Codons 5′ 3′

What are the amino acids to this polypeptide chain? An mRNA strand reads AUGUUUGGCAACUAG What are the amino acids to this polypeptide chain?

What are the amino acids to this mRNA strand? Second mRNA base U C A G UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG Met or start Phe Leu lle Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala UAU UAC UGU UGC Tyr Cys CAU CAC CAA CAG CGU CGC CGA CGG AAU AAC AAA AAG AGU AGC AGA AGG GAU GAC GAA GAG GGU GGC GGA GGG UGG UAA UAG Stop UGA Trp His Gln Asn Lys Asp Arg Gly First mRNA base (5′ end) Third mRNA base (3′ end) Glu What are the amino acids to this mRNA strand? CUUCAUUCUUAA

What are the 3 RNAs needed for protein synthesis?

What are the 3 RNAs needed for protein synthesis? -mRNA (messenger) -rRNA (ribosomal) -tRNA (transfer)

2/4 Warm Up 1. Describe this picture in your own words.

2. Describe this picture in your own words. A bureau is a cabinet.

3. Why is transcription and translation also called protein synthesis? 4. What is mRNA? What does it do? 5. Protein is made up of smaller molecules called _______ _________. (starts with A’s)