Quantum Computing Science A brief history of Quantum Computing Wei-Jan Chen SEAIP 2017 NCHC, Taichung Dec. 4, 2017

Outline Quantum Mechanics and Computer Science Quantum computing: The present and Outlook

The origin of Quantum Theory 1905 1913 1900 Max Planck Energy quantization En = nhν Albert Einstein Photoelectric effect “Photon” Neils Bohr Atomic Model

Building Quantum Mechanics 1924 1925 1926 1927 Erwin Schrödinger Wave Mechanics Werner Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Louis de Broglie Matter Wave λ=p/h Werner Heisenberg Matrix Mechanics Max Born Probability Amplitue

How the Quantum Mechanics change the world? Chemistry Semiconductor Laser Biology Nano-technology

The Mystery of Quantum Mechanics Schrödinger’s Cat God does not play dice Copenhagen interpretation EPR paradox Quantum Correlation

Computing machine ENIAC IC Abacus 2017 1946 1964 1947 1954 1970 1944 Mark I VLSI Transistor

Computing change our life IoT Fintech AI Smart City Cloud Computing AR & VR Big Data 5G Health Care 3D Printing

The limit of Moore’s Law

Quantum Technologies

Quantum Mechanics and Computer Science 1980 1982 1985 1994 1996 Paul Benioff Turing Machine David Deutsch Quantum Computer Peter Shor Quantum Algorithm Lov Grover Sorting Algorithm Richard Feynman Quantum Computer

What is Quantum Computing? Quantum computer uses quantum bits, or qubits. “superposition”, “entanglement” 100110101110 111111111111 000000000000 +1 X 1 1 1

National Investment in Quantum technologies Source: ”A roadmap for quantum technologies in the UK” 2015

SCI Research Paper

SCI Paper Statistics by Country

Approved Patent in USA

The Challenge of Quantum Computing Quantum computing can be used for high efficiency computing but qubits are very easily influenced by environment. How to tolerate noise and errors? Ex. Factorizing a 2,000-bit number in one day would take 100 million qubits, even if individual quantum operations failed just once in every 10,000 (0.01%) operations. 1 1

Techniques for Quantum computer: qubit Technology Legend Characteristic Company Superconducting loops Coherent time: 0.00005 S Successful rate: 99.4% Entanglement: 9 Google IBM Quantum Circuits D-Wave Trapped Ion Coherent time: >1000 S Successful rate: 99.9% Entanglement: 14 IonQ Silicon Quantum dots Coherent time: 0.03 S Successful rate: 99% Entanglement: 2 Intel Topological qubits Coherent time: unknown Successful rate: unknown Entanglement: unknown Microsoft Bell Labs Diamond vacacies Coherent time: 10 S Successful rate: 99.2% Entanglement: 6 Quantum Diamond Technologies

ICT Magnate pursue Quantum supremacy General Quantum Computer 1999 QuTech Quantum Circuits Inc 2015 2015 Q Experience Quantum Diamond Tech 2009 Bell Labs 2016 5 qubits 2017 16 qubits 2014 UCSB 2017 49 qubits

Outlook Three Priorities Quantum simulation. Modelling chemical reactions and materials. Quantum-assisted optimization. In all quantitative disciplines. Quantum sampling. In statistics and machine learning. Short-term prediction. Next 5-year will have small device.

Outlook

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