1. Quantum Computers
By Ryan Orvosh

2. Road Map What are quantum computers? How they work
History and Background Information
Models
Advantages/Disadvantages
Applications
The Future

3. What are quantum computers?
Definition: A quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the computational power beyond what is attainable by a traditional computer. 

4. How they work?
Qubits: some type of particle a photon, nucleus or electron
Can hold 1 or 0 ( up or down) base positions or superpositions
Use force to move position use position as a value. For example use of magnetic fields with electron qubits

6. 2 bits vs 2 qubits 2 bits contains 2 bits of information
2 qubits contains 4 bits of information because you need 4 coefficients of probability to determine the value they represent.
2N = classical bits where N is the number of Qubits.

8. History and Background

9. History and Background
First proposed in the 1980 by mathematician, Yuri Manin.
In 1981 physicist, Richard Feynman proposed a basic model for a quantum computer.
In 1985, David Deutsch described first universal quantum computer, counterpart to the universal Turing Machine

10. History
In 1994 mathematician, Peter Shor discovered an algorithm that could factor large integers quickly on a quantum computer.

11. History
1998 first 2 qubit quantum computing system developed, was only able to do some simple calculations by using the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance NMR.

12. History
In 2005, the first quantum byte, or qubyte (8 qubits), is announced to have been created by scientists at The Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the University of Innsbruck in Austria

13. Current Developments

14. Currently
D-Wave Systems founded in 1999 one of largest names in commercial quantum computing systems.

15. Currently
128 qubit system costs about $10 million made by D-Wave

16. Currently As of May 2013 largest system is 512 qubits. D-Wave Two
Collaboration between Google, NASA, Universities Space Research Association utilizing it for an Artificial Intelligence Lab.

17. Advantages / Disadvantages

18. Advantages
Perform extremely complicated calculations easily such as extremely large systems of linear equations.
Possible to simulate quantum systems not possible on traditional computers
Potentially thousands of times faster

19. Disadvantages Requires new algorithms to reach its potential
If a result of a computation happens to not be in a base position, the answer is too difficult to understand.
Not a lot of experience.
Greater need for cooling, example negative 460 degree F

20. Applications
Peter’s Shor’s algorithm enhanced to improve radar stealth technology
Recent quantum algorithms believed to aid in the creation of new pharmaceuticals.
Use in cryptography for more secure data encryption.

21. Applications Better predicting patterns in weather.
Detect problems in the stock market
Mathematics field of optimization
Google, more efficient searches

22. Future Not expected to replace traditional computers any time soon.
Still years away from a universal system.
Potential for advances in artificial intelligence.

23. References
calculation-uses-84-qubits-and-takes-just-270-milliseconds real-world-contests-between-quantum-computers-and-standard-ones- faster

24. Conclusion What quantum computers are How they work
History and background
Current trends
Applications
Future

25. Questions?