Drill (pd 3, 4A) 5/12/2015 Predict how to separate each of the following heterogeneous mixtures: Colors from black ink Sand and iron filings.

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Separation of Mixtures

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Presentation transcript:

Drill (pd 3, 4A) 5/12/2015 Predict how to separate each of the following heterogeneous mixtures: Colors from black ink Sand and iron filings Mud (dirt from the water) Fruit salad (the different types of fruit) Salt from salty water Pasta and water Oil and vinegar

Objectives SWBAT demonstrate their knowledge of colligative properties by completing problems. SWBAT describe and choose appropriate separation techniques for mixtures.

7 Techniques for Physical Separations Filtration Distillation Crystallization Chromatography Evaporation Centrifugation Decantation

Assignment 1. I will divide you into groups of 4 2. Complete the Separating Mixtures Table completely using the following: Packets on distillation, crystallization, and chromatography Black Modern Chemistry textbook Internet 3. Each person in group is assigned a different technique. Shares with group.

Filtration A mixture is poured into a funnel fitted with a piece of filter paper. Used for beer production and tap water (to remove solid impurities)

Distillation When a solution is heated, the liquid with a lower boiling point evaporates. The hot vapor that formed can be condensed back to liquid again on a cold surface. EVAPORATION + CONDENSATION

Crystallization The process of forming crystals. Used to separate solids from solution.

Chromatography A mixture is allowed to move along a fixed material. The components of the mixture move at different speeds (based on their attraction to the solvent and the material) and so they separate from each other.

Each section is a fraction of the original sample

Chromatography 2 phases: Stationary phase = What you run your sample through . We will use a column. The column is non-polar Mobile phase = The solvent that is run through the column. We will use water and isopropyl alcohol.

Evaporation A homogenous mixture is heated so that the water evaporates and just leaves the solid behind

Centrifugation Really fast spinning forces the solid or denser substance to the bottom of a sample

Decantation Let the solid settle and then pour off the liquid, using something to block the solid

Chemical Separations Electrolysis Chemical Reactions Decomposition

Electrolysis Using electric current to force a chemical reaction with a separation occurring at the electrodes

Wrap up During distillation, which liquid evaporates?