Chapter 2.2 Cycles of matter.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2.2 Cycles of matter

There are 3 cycles: Water cycle Carbon and oxygen cycle Nitrogen cycle

What is water cycle? Without water, there would be no life. All living things need water to survive. Cycle - is something that happens over and over in the same way.

Water molecule Water- H2O

Water molecule

PRECIPITATION CONDENSATION EVAPORATION CONDENSATION GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

What is water cycle? Water cycle – is the repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere (air). It is a process by which Earth’s water is recycled.

Terms related to the water cycle: EVAPORATION _____________ - the changing of a liquid to a gas _____________ - changing of a gas to a liquid _____________ - water that falls to Earth from the atmosphere CONDENSATION PRECIPITATION

Evaporation Evaporation comes mainly from the oceans. The water first heated by the sun (Sun is the driving force to start the water cycle), and then changes to the water vapor. The rising of water vapor in the air is called evaporation.

Condensation When water vapor rises, it cools. The water vapor loses heat. If the water vapor loses enough heat, it changes back to a liquid. The water vapor condenses to tiny water droplets. These tiny droplets form clouds. A cloud is a collection of tiny water droplets.

Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet or hail are different forms of precipitation. As the water droplets become bigger and bigger, they become too heavy to stay in the air. Gravity pulls the water droplets back to the Earth.

Water cycle diagram

Carbon and oxygen cycle Carbon and oxygen are very important for life (they are related to breathing). Carbon and oxygen are linked in one recycling process.

Animals takes in O2. Animals release CO2. Plant takes in CO2. Plants produce O2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Carbon Cycle Diagram Decomposers Dead bodies

The carbon cycle Producers take in CO2 gas from the air during photosynthesis. They will make their own food and release O2. When producers and consumers die, decomposers will break down their dead bodies and return carbon back to the soil. Some decomposers release CO2 to the air.

The oxygen cycle Oxygen cycles through ecosystems. Producers release oxygen as a result of photosynthesis. Animals will use oxygen to breathe.

Plants If there were no more plants on Earth, the cycle would be stopped. Carbon and oxygen would no longer be recycled.

Human Impact - Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are non-renewable source of energy (they came from remains of plants and animals that died a long time ago). Fossil fuels are: Oil Gas Coal

Fossil Fuel (con’t.) Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) are major source of carbon. When fossil fuels are being burned, they release a lot of CO2 into the atmosphere (air). coal oil gas

What is nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen Cycle - is the using and reusing nitrogen in an ecosystem (recycling of nitrogen). Organisms need nitrogen for building proteins.

Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen - fixing bacteria live on the roots of plants (legumes: beans, peanuts, and peas). They change the nitrogen gas to ammonia.

Nitrogen Cycle Once the nitrogen gas has been changed to nitrogen compounds- ammonia, plants and animals use nitrogen to build proteins. Decomposers break down animal waste and dead animals into ammonia.

Review Questions: What is evaporation?

What role do producers play in the carbon and oxygen cycles?

What is nitrogen fixation?

How human activities influence the carbon and oxygen cycles?

Where do some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live?

What are three major processes that occur (happen) during the water cycle?

What do decomposers after breaking down dead bodies or matter?

Section 2.2 Assessment 1a. Name and define the three major processes that occur during the water cycle. 1b. Defend this statement: the sun is the driving force behind the water cycle. 2a. Which two substances (materials) are linked in one recycling process? 2b. What role do producers play in the carbon and oxygen cycles? What role do consumers play in these cycles? 2c. How might the death of all the producers in a community affect the carbon and oxygen cycles?

Section 2.2 Assessment Con’t. 3a. Why do organisms need nitrogen? 3b. Outline the major steps in the nitrogen cycle. 3c. What might happen in a community if all the nitrogen-fixing bacteria died?