Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Diseases

Disease, Disorder, and Syndrome Key Terms Disease - abnormal symptoms Homeostasis - state of normalcy Disorder - abnormality of function Syndrome - symptoms caused by a specific disease

Pathology Pathology - study of disease Pathologist - one who studies disease Pathogens - microorganisms or agents that cause disease Pathologic - caused by disease process

Pathogenesis Pathogenesis - description of how a particular disease progresses Pathogenesis: Acute: short term with sudden onset Chronic: long term or slow healing process

Etiology Cause of disease Idiopathic - cause is unknown Iatrogenic - problem related to treatment Nosocomial - disease acquired from hospital environment

Predisposing Factors Age Sex Environment Lifestyle Heredity

Diagnosis Diagnosis - identification or naming a disease Diagnosis: Medical history Physical examination Diagnostic tests

Diagnosis Symptoms - problems a patient reports Signs - what physician sees or measures Skills utilized by physician: Auscultation Palpation Percussion

Prognosis Prognosis - expected outcome Acute disease - sudden onset with short duration Chronic - insidious and long lasting Remission - disappearance of symptoms Exacerbation – flare-up of symptoms

Prognosis Complication - onset of second disease or disorder Mortality - mortal or destined to die Fatal/lethal - deadly

Treatment Holistic Medicine Considers whole person rather than just physical symptoms Interaction between spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional Areas work interdependently

Treatment Treatment Interventions Medications Surgery Exercise Nutritional Physical therapy Education