C6.1 What useful products can be made from acids? Acid + Alkali  Acid + Metal  Acid + Metal oxide  Acid + Metal carbonate  Making a soluble salt procedure: What is pH? Ways to measure pH? Dilute vs Concentrated acid Weak vs Strong acid Formula of ions Chloride Sulphate Nitrate Carbonate Hydroxide pH values What happens when the hydrogen ions increases by a factor of 10 to the pH value? Neutrality, relative acidity and alkalinity how do they relate to hydrogen ions?

C6.2 How do chemists control the rate of reactions? What is collision theory? Methods to measure the rate of a chemical reaction: Colour change Production of a gas Change of mass How do these factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? Temperature Surface area Concentration Catalyst Biological catalys Analysing results Sketch the graph you would see with different concentrations of a reactant vs time How could you measure the rate of these reactions

C6.3 What factors affect the yield of chemical reactions? Reversible reactions Dynamic equilibrium A + B <-> C + D Forward reaction is exothermic. Reverse reaction is: Explain how these factors will affect the position of equilibrium and why: Increasing temperature Decreasing temperature A + B <-> C + D Explain how adding more A + B will affect the position of equilibrium and why Explain how removing D + D will affect the position of equilibrium and why A + B <-> 2C + D Explain how increasing the pressure of the reaction will affect the position of equilibrium and why Explain how decreasing the pressure of the reaction will affect the position of equilibrium and why What does adding a catalyst do to the position of equilibrium of a reaction in dynamic equilibrium?

C6.4 How are chemicals made on an industrial scale? Why is ammonia needed in agriculture? Why do we need to synthetically make fertilisers? How is the hydrogen produced for use in the Haber process? How is the nitrogen produced for use in the Haber process? What environmental problems are there associate with the Haber process and why? How is ammonia produced by the Haber process, what are the conditions? What is eutrophication and how is the Haber process linked to it? How is the Haber process manipulated to get the best yield?

C6.4 How are chemicals made on an industrial scale? What is atom economy and how is it calculated? Industrial production of fertiliser vs laboratory synthesis. (Include information about the similarities and differences, how the reaction is monitored, the reactants / products are separated, how the waste is disposed of, the use of by products and the testing of purity) Industry Laboratory Explain how these things affect the reaction pathway that a chemists will carry out (also what are they?) Data (atom economy) Yield (looking at expected vs obtained) Rate Equilibrium position (and ease of manipulating it) Usefulness of by-product Sustainability