Hitler Strikes at Europe

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Presentation transcript:

Hitler Strikes at Europe The World At War Hitler Strikes at Europe

The Failed Policy of Appeasement “Honorable” Hitler violates Munich Pact - takes Czechoslovakia 3/39 Nazi-Soviet Pact 8/39 Why did they do it? Secret agreement to divide Poland Nazis invade Poland 9/1/39 GB & FR declare war 9/3/39 Soviets invade Poland 9/17/39

Victorious German Troops Parade in Warsaw

FDR invokes Neutrality Acts No U.S. arms to countries at war No U.S. ships allowed in war zones Belligerents could buy non-military supplies on cash-and-carry basis 11/39 - Neutrality Act 1939 allowed arms sales to GB & FR on c&c basis helping Allies but staying out of fight

“Sitzkrieg” or “Phony War” 6 month lull in fighting Broken by sudden attack on Norway and Denmark - 4/40 Holland, Belgium & France - 5/40 Dunkirk evacuation 5/26/40 Holland surrenders 5/15, Belgium 5/28, Norway 6/1 Italy declares war on GB & FR 6/10/40 French armistice signed 6/22/40

The Battle of Britain 1940 Operation Sea Lion Planned invasion of GB Luftwaffe first concentrated on aerodromes & shipping Turned to bombing cities To demoralize populace “Coventration” & Enigma code Britain desperate for U.S. help

Downed German Fighter & British Civil Patrolman British Spitfires Downed German Fighter & British Civil Patrolman

St. Paul’s Tower Bridge

The American Mood Most favored supporting Britain Some opposed on grounds that U.S. should look out for itself Potential U.S. entry into war an issue in the 1940 election FDR going for 3rd term vs. Wendell Willkie (R)

Campaign 1940 Willkie favored aid to Britain - So did FDR FDR stole Willkie’s thunder by appointing Republicans to cabinet Henry Stimson (War), Frank Knox (Navy) Approved 1st peacetime draft 9/40 - “Destroyers for Bases” deal w/ GB U.S. ships in exchange for U.S. use of British air & naval bases

Campaign 1940 Anti-war critics of FDR say he will entangle U.S. in war Isolationists form America First Committee spokesman Charles Lindbergh U.S. could stand alone against Hitler FDR promises: “I will never send an American boy to fight in a European war.”

An Unprecedented 3rd Term 449 - 82 in Electoral vote 55% of popular Most favored FDR’s efforts to help Britain while avoiding fighting With victory - FDR now free to actively support Britain

“An arsenal for democracy” Lend-Lease Plan Supplies for any nation deemed “vital to defense of the U.S.” Isolationists condemn it as economic war against Germany Approved in March 1941 Aid to GB began immediately Extended to USSR after German invasion

Fighting the Undeclared War 1941 U.S. Navy assists in tracking U-boats Convoy actions begin - Navy ordered to fire on German vessels if necessary Aug. 1941 - FDR & Churchill meet aboard ship off Canadian coast Atlantic Charter - based on 14 Points

British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill Churchill and FDR aboard

Provocations! Several U.S. Navy vessels torpedoed by German Kriegsmarine FDR orders Axis vessels shot on sight Oct. 41 - sinking of the Reuben James - 115 U.S. sailors killed Nov. 41 - FDR orders merchant ships to be armed Neutrality Acts all but null and void