Unit 5 Evolution

What is Evolution? Evolution:

Microevolution Change in a population’s genetic structure over time Change in: alleles/genotype

Causes of Microevolution Genetic drift: Random changes in frequency of alleles in a population Gene flow: change of alleles due to migration into or out of a population Mutation: random change in individual’s genotype Natural selection: survival of the fittest

Which causes of microevolution form adaptations? What is an example of human adaptation?

Macroevolution Massive change to earth causing:

DNA What is the purpose of DNA?

Mutations (changes in DNA) How can mutations affect an individual? How can mutations affect a population?

Changes in genotype How can the genotype of an individual change? How can the genotype of a population change?

Change in Phenotype How can the phenotype of an individual change? How can the phenotype of a population change?

Variety in Populations (adaptations) What are adaptations? How do adaptations form in a population?

Changes in the allele frequency within the gene pool What is the allele frequency? How can it be changed in a popultion?

New Species How do new species form? What must they do to survive? What happens if the species cannot survive?

Charles Darwin Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection Natural Selection: organisms pass more favorable traits to offspring  ensuring survival “Survival of the Fittest” Publish book, “Origin of Species” in 1859

Darwin’s Theories Descent w/ modification: younger fossils are a modification of their ancestors Example: Similar fossils of a species were found in close locations Similar Species share a:

C. Darwin’s Theories Adaptation: trait acquired to survive changes Fitness: ability to pass on favorable traits to offspring Adaptive Advantage: traits that enable a species to survive better in its environment

Peppered Moths