With a partner, you are to create a poster highlighting a major development theorist and his/her contribution to our understanding of childhood development. Needed Items: Theorist Picture and biography Major Stages or Concepts of Development Pictures/Examples highlighting the stages/concepts Explanation of stages and theory Points: 20

Secure vs Insecure Attachment Berry Hewlett

Jean Piaget 1896–1980 “[T]he child no longer tends to approach the state of adulthood by receiving reason and the rules of right action ready-made, but by achieving them with his own effort and personal experience; in return society expects more of its new generations than mere imitation: it expects enrichment.”

Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development According to Freud, there is often conflict between child and parent. The conflict occurs because the child wants immediate gratification of needs while the parent restricts that gratification in some way.

Social Development Preview Question 11: What are the social tasks and challenges of adolescence?

3 Basic Levels of Moral Thinking Preconventional Morality: Before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward. Conventional Morality: By early adolescence, social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake. Postconventional Morality: Affirms people’s agreed-upon rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles.

Chris Steele-Perkins/ Magnum Photos Death and Dying The “normal” range of reactions or grief stages after the death of a loved one varies widely. Grief is more severe if death occurs unexpectedly. People who view their lives with a sense of integrity (in Erikson’s terms) see life as meaningful and worthwhile. Chris Steele-Perkins/ Magnum Photos

Physical and Motor Development Although different infants achieve milestones in motor development at slightly different ages, all infants achieve them in essentially the same order. This chart shows the average ages when milestones are usually achieved.

Frontal Cortex During adolescence, neurons in the frontal cortex grow myelin, which speeds up nerve conduction. The frontal cortex lags behind the limbic system’s development. Hormonal surges and the limbic system may explain occasional teen impulsiveness.

Child-Rearing Practices Description Authoritarian Parents impose rules and expect obedience. Permissive Parents submit to children’s demands. Authoritative Parents are demanding but responsive to their children. Preview Question 8: How do children’s self-concepts develop, and how are children’s traits related to parenting styles?