DESALTING OF CANE JUICE CLARIFICATION AND DESALTING OF CANE JUICE FOR HIGH YIELD

DR. B. CHAKRAVORTY GENESIS MEMBRANE SEPRATECH PVT. LTD. Mumbai, India. by DR. B. CHAKRAVORTY GENESIS MEMBRANE SEPRATECH PVT. LTD. Mumbai, India. Tel.: 91-22-5775456; Fax: 91-22-5790608; E-mail:genesis@bom5.vsnl.net.in

TOTAL SUGAR PRODUCTION (INDIA ) Prodcution as of April 2012 is

PRODUCTION OF CANE ( INDIA )

NO. OF PLANTS WITH CAPACITY There are 671 sugar mills in India.

In 1950, there were 139 sugar factories in the country with an annual installed capacity of 1.67 million tonnes. Today, India has about 671 sugar factories with an annual sugar production of 24.1 million tonnes. India has 20% of the total sugar mills in the world and accounts for about 15% of the global production.

Introduction India is the second largest producer of sugar from cane after Brazil. Production capacity is 24 million tons / year. The total sale value in 1999 is 5 billion US$. Total capital employed around 4 billion US$.

been the biggest contributor to this industry. Better quality cane with higher sucrose content has been the biggest contributor to this industry. However manufacturing techniques have not changed much. The average recovery varies from as low as 7% to as high as 13% whereas sucrose content in the cane can be 18%. Efforts are directed towards better manufacturing technique to achieve higher yield.

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CANE SUGAR PRODUCTION CaO STEAM CRUSHING LIMING HEATING THIN JUICE RAW JUICE CRYSTALLIZATION EVAPORATION MOLASSES THICK JUICE RAW SUGAR

SUGAR MANUFACTURE (CANE MILLLING) Sugar Cane Cane Carrier Cane leveller or kicker to feed the cane cutting knives uniformly Cane cutter-Ist cutting the cane to pieces Mincer - IInd stage of cutting to finer pieces Milling Tandem Comprising of Six mills

SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENT FOR JUICE CLARIFICATION Raw Juice pH 5.0 Heated to 650C on Juice Heaters Simultaneous Liming and Sulphitation and the final pH is kept around 7.0/7.2 Heated to 102 0 C on Juice Heaters. CLARIFIER Subsequently juice is allowed to settle for 2.5 hours. The CLEAR supernatant juice is separated for further processing. The non-sugars precipitated as calcium sulfite complex compounds are further treated on Rotatory Vacuum Filters (RVF) for futher extraction of residual juice.

SUGAR MANUFACTURE (CONTD.) Prepared cane is subjected to twelve compressions which helps to squeeze the juice with application of high pressure. At final stage water is added and then squeezed so that no sugar is left when the material leaves the Mills. The product after milling or extraction of juice is known as bagasse. Juice delivered to the Boiling House Bagasse Bye Product for Clarification and Sugar Boiling (Fibre + Water + Little salts) Used as fuel in Boilers 5% sold to paper industries

CLARIFIER Muddy Juice Clear Juice (15o Brix) Rotatory Vacuum Filter Vapour Cell (For part Evaporation) Filter cake or Press Filter Juice Quadruple Effect Evap. Mud (Bye product. (Back to the Juice (Evaporation of water Sold to farmers to tank to be mixed up to 75%) be used as manure with raw juice and for the cane fields) re-processed) Concentrated material (called “SYRUP”of 60 Brix) Sulfitation Sulfited syrup pH 5.0

BOILING PROCESS IN VACUUM PANS I Stage: Syrup + B-seed + Melt from C-double cured Sugar A-massecuite Batch Centrifugal A-Light & A-Heavy Molasses Finished Product Sugar Hopper-Drying & Cooling Grader Powder Graded Sugar Weighing Stitching Sugar Godown

A - Light & A - Heavy Molasses B-Massecuite II Stage: A - Light & A - Heavy Molasses B-Massecuite Continuous Centrifugal Machines B - Seed. B - Heavy Molasses. Magmised and used as seed for A-massecuite.

III Stage: B - Heavy Molasses + C - Light Molasses C - Massecuite Continuous Centrifugal Machines Magmised Final Molasses to storage tanks (A bye-product sold to distilleries producing rectified spirit, Second Curing alcohol, etc. ) C - Double Cured sugar C- Light Molasses (Rich in sugar and therefore (Melted to give clear melt. sent back to the process for This is pumped to the pan C-Massecuite boiling) floor and boiled with syrup to produce A - massecuite)

CORELATION OF PERMEATE FLUX WITH CONCENTRATION ON SPRIAL MEMBRANE Repeat the four-step process under Point #1.

CORELATION OF PERMEATE FLUX WITH CONCENTRATION ON TUBULAR MEMBRANE

CORELATION OF PERMEATE FLUX WITH TEMPERATURE ON TUBULAR MEMBRANE

CORELATION OF % LOSS OF SUCROSE WITH CONCENTRATION

CORELATION ON DEGREE OF DESALTING WITH CONCENTRATION

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