Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing Dude, it’s for your research!

What’s the difference? Quotations must be word for word Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

Remember this? Topic Sentence Introduce Evidence (research) Explain Evidence (research) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

Facts? It does not need a quote It does not need citation (source) Do not copy and paste from text Use your own words http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_quotprsum.html

EXAMPLE Wikipedia entry: The first boot camps appeared in the states of Georgia and Oklahoma in 1983 My own words: In the United States the first boot camps were in the states of Oklahoma and Georgia in 1983. Because this is a fact I do not need to say where it came from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_paraphr.html

What and When: Paraphrasing Putting text in own words Use when the words are not original or interesting

Paraphrasing 4 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. 4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_paraphr.html

Example From “Troubled Teen Boot Camps” “Without a dedicated and long-term aftercare that starts immediately following their release, teens will go back into their old habits that led them to a boot camp in the first place” This contains no words that stand out, so I paraphrase. It’s an opinion so I still need to “cite” where it came from. Some are concerned that there are not good programs for teens after they leave boot camps and that they will go back to their bad behavior (“Troubled Teen”). http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

Good or Bad? Here’s the ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.: The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade. Here’s an UNACCEPTABLE paraphrase that is plagiarism: The increase of industry, the growth of cities, and the explosion of the population were three large factors of nineteenth century America. As steam-driven companies became more visible in the eastern part of the country, they changed farm hands into factory workers and provided jobs for the large wave of immigrants. With industry came the growth of large cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived which turned into centers of commerce and trade as well as production. http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

WHY???? The preceding passage is considered plagiarism for two reasons: the writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order of the original’s sentences. the writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts. If you do either or both of these things, you are plagiarizing. NOTE: This paragraph is also problematic because it changes the sense of several sentences (for example, "steam-driven companies" in sentence two misses the original’s emphasis on factories). http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

Good or Bad? Here’s the ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.: The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade Here’s an ACCEPTABLE paraphrase: Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and large urban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and commercial centers (Williams 1). http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

WHY???? This is acceptable paraphrasing because the writer: accurately relays the information in the original uses her own words. lets the reader know the source of his/her information. http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

Quotations Use when something is an opinion Use when the language is interesting Always attribute the quote Cite where it came from

EXAMPLE And remember: Topic sentence Introduce evidence/research “Studies have shown how boot camps may not only pose a threat to the safety of its participating teens; such experience may also inadvertently cause permanent damage on them”(“Why a Bootcamp”). And remember: Topic sentence Introduce evidence/research Evidence/research Explain evidence/research

Beware of Plagiarism If you steal someone’s words, your work will get a zero Every section will be turned in to turnitin.com If it is someone else’s words, it needs a quotation mark