1. Quoting and Paraphrasing Adapted from Bbrook school presentation

2. What’s the difference? Quotations must be identical to the original
must be attributed to the original author.
Paraphrasing
When you put a passage from source material into your own words.
Must be attributed to the original source.
is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.

3. Why should I use them?
To provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing (your own ethos)
give examples of the author’s point of view on a subject
call attention to a position that you are examining
highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own
expand the breadth or depth of your writing

4. How do I start?
Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is.
Considering the essay’s main idea, look for quotes that really support that idea.
Ethos – look for quotes that add to the author’s credibility
Pathos – quotes should indicate that the author is using an emotional appeal
Logos – are there quotes that indicate the author is bringing logic into his or her argument?

5. Paraphrasing A paraphrase is...
An author’s words and ideas that you put into your own words.
A good way to borrow ideas from a source – but you must document your paraphrase!
a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

6. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because...
it is much better than using a quote from a paragraph that doesn’t really stand out.
it helps you control the temptation to quote too much.
the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.

7. Paraphrasing 5 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
2. Set the original aside, and write or type your paraphrase.
3. Check your paraphrase with the original to make sure that you:
Didn’t rewrite the author’s words exactly.
Stayed true to the author’s original meaning
4. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source – anything that’s not common knowledge.
5. Record the source (including the page) that you got the paraphrased info from so you don’t forget where it originally came from.

8. What’s plagiarism?
Plagiarism is using others’ ideas and words without clearly acknowledging the source of that information.
To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you use:
another person’s idea, opinion, or theory;
any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings—any pieces of information—that are not common knowledge;
quotations of another person’s actual spoken or written words; or
paraphrase of another person’s spoken or written words.

9. Good or Bad?
Here’s the ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.:
The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade.
Here’s an UNACCEPTABLE paraphrase that is plagiarism:
The increase of industry, the growth of cities, and the explosion of the population were three large factors of nineteenth century America. As steam-driven companies became more visible in the eastern part of the country, they changed farm hands into factory workers and provided jobs for the large wave of immigrants. With industry came the growth of large cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived which turned into centers of commerce and trade as well as production.

10. WHY????
The preceding passage is considered plagiarism for two reasons:
the writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order of the original’s sentences.
the writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts.
If you do either or both of these things, you are plagiarizing. NOTE: This paragraph is also problematic because it changes the sense of several sentences (for example, "steam-driven companies" in sentence two misses the original’s emphasis on factories).

11. Good or Bad?
Here’s the ORIGINAL text, from page 1 of Lizzie Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s by Joyce Williams et al.:
The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade
Here’s an ACCEPTABLE paraphrase: Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and large urban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and commercial centers (Williams 1).

12. WHY???? This is acceptable paraphrasing because the writer:
accurately relays the information in the original uses her own words.
lets the reader know the source of his/her information.

13. MLA style From the Purdue OWL
1. enclose the quotation within double quotation marks
2. Provide the author and specific page citation
3. include a complete reference on the Works Cited page.
4. Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear after the parenthetical citation.
5. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text.

14. MLA Style – quotations From the Purdue OWL
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

15. MLA Style – add/omit words From the Purdue OWL
To add a word or words in a quotation, put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text. NEVER change the words of a quote so that it changes the meaning of the original sentence!
EX:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
To omit a word or words from a quotation, indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks inside brackets  […]
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale […] and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

16. MLA – paraphrasing From the Purdue OWL
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

17. BA5 - choose and analyze quotations to use in your analysis essay (draft 1.1)
You will:
Begin with your thesis statement
Choose at least five quotations
Write a word justification for each quote
To guide your justifications, ask yourself:
Where will this quotation fit in my organization?
How does this quotation demonstrate the points I am trying to make about the author's writing?
Will I use it as a quotation or paraphrase the selection, and why?

18. Choose from:
Michael Pollan’s “Wendell Berry’s Wisdom” ( OR
Christine Rosen’s “Virtual Friendship and the New Narcissism” (ch. 11, p. 321 in First Year Writing)