The Animal kingdom

Animal diversity Eagle (bird) and butterfly (insect) both have wings Are they closely related? Animals show diversity in body structures and function

Animal diversity Scientists have named more than 1 million species of animals Many species that exist have not yet been discovered and named Some scientists estimate that more than 3 million species of animals live on Earth Some of these animals are becoming extinct before they have been discovered or described

Animal diversity

Classification of animals Two main groups Based on the absence or presence of backbone (vertebral column) INVERTEBRATES (animals without backbone) VERTEBRATES (animals having backbone)

Classification of animals

INVERTEBRATES

Invertebrates Most animals on the Earth are invertebrates Do not have a backbone Do not have any bones in their body Sponge, spider, snail, jelly fish, worms

INVERTEBRATE PHYLA Sponges (Phylum Porifera) Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria) Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes) Round worms (Phylum Nematoda) Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca) Annelids [Segmented worms] (Phylum Annelida) Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda) Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)

Sponges Live in ocean Asymmetric body Tube-like body having small pores Sweeps water through pores into the tubes Special cells filter and digest food material Reproduce asexually (fragmentation) and sexually

Asymmetry, Bilateral symmetry and radial symmetry

Cnidarians Complex than sponges, invertebrates, live in oceans Body plan medusa or polyp Cnidocytes (sting cells) Tentacles Budding/ fragmentation Sexual reproduction Hydra Jelly fish

Flatworms Simplest worms, live in water, damp soil, some are parasites More complex body, bilateral symmetry Head with eyespots Reproduce sexually or fragmentation (asexually) Tapeworm Planaria

Roundworms Invertebrates with coelom, bilaterally symmetrical Fresh water, damp soil, parasites Some eat other small organisms Ascaris

Annelids Found in oceans and on land, bilateral symmetry Segmented worms (repeated body segments) Hermaphrodites Leech Earthworm

Mollusks Invertebrates, oceans, freshwater, land Specialized tissue “mantle” – secretes shell Some have muscular foot to move e.g. snails Others have tentacles e.g. squids Reproduce sexually Snail Oyester Squid

Arthropods Most diverse group, presence of exoskeleton, Water, air, land Segmented body – head thorax, abdomen Spider, bee, fly, mosquito, grasshopper, centipede, beetle, shrimp, cockroach, crab

Echinoderms Spiny skinned – exoskeleton having spines, live in ocean Water vascular system – pumps water Eat organic matter or other organisms Starfish Sea urchin

VERTEBRATES

Vertebrates Belong to phylum Chordata Notochord - develops into backbone Backbone – a column of several bones called as vertebrae Backbone is a part of endoskeleton Muscles are attached to bones – movement Divided into five groups Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals Live on land or in water Herbivore, carnivore or omnivore Separate genders (one gender per individual)

Fish More than half of vertebrate species are fish Jawless, cartilaginous and bony fish Marine and freshwater Ectothermic (cold blooded) Cartilaginous Jawless Bony fish

Amphibians Water and land Require water to lay eggs As tadpole live in water Frogs, toads, salamanders Thin moist skin Ectothermic (cold blooded) Frog Salamander

Reptiles Live on land, do not require water to lay eggs Crawling animals Turtles, alligators, snakes Reproduce sexually Ectothermic (cold blooded)

Birds Some live on land, others in water, or both Flying birds and flight less birds Feathers – maintain temperature and flying Reproduce sexually Endothermic (warm blooded) Pelican Parrots Penguin

Mammals Hair on body, external ears, produce milk 3 types – monotreme, marsupials and placental mammals Reproduce sexually Endotherms (warm blooded) Lay eggs Pouched Placenta