AUDIT ON WATER WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA NATIONAL AUDIT DEPARTMENT AUDIT ON WATER WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA IR. MD. WAHID BIN MOHD NOR DIRECTOR WATER AUDIT DIVISION SEPTEMBER 2012

CONTENT 1. Introduction - Key National Statistics (Water) - Facts About Water - Water Regulatory Agency 2. Water Cycle 3. Objective, Scope & Methodology 4. Line Of Inquiry 5. Audit Finding & Issues 6. Lesson Learn, Impact To The Public 7. Way Forward

Climate Change

KEY NATIONAL STATISTICS (WATER) - 2010 Raw Water Source : Mainly Surface Water with minor groundwater Design Capacity : 16,771 MLD Production Capacity : 14,065 MLD Total No. of Treatment plant : 458 Total Length of Pipes : 131,286 KM Pipe Material : AC (31.9%), PE (16.8%), MS (24.7%), uPVC (15.5%), DI (7.4%), CI (1.2%), Others (2.5%) Total Connection :6,459,663 Connections : Domestic (86.7%), Non Domestic (13.3%) Per capita Consumption : 225 litre/cap/d NRW : 36% Population Served : Overall (94.2%) Urban (96.8%), Rural (89.7%)

FACTS ABOUT WATER Over 1.5 billion people do not have access to clean, safe water. Almost 4 million people die each year from water related diseases. 43% of water related deaths are due to diarrhea. 98% of water related deaths occur in the developing world. Unsafe water is the biggest killer of children under five; around 90% of all diarrheal deaths are in this age group. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation has claimed more lives through disease than any war through guns.

WATER REGULATORY AGENCY STATE FEDERAL TRUNK MAIN CATCHMENT AREA BALANCING RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION MAIN SERVICE RESERVOIR l DAM WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONSUMER RIVER SOURCE TREATMENT DISTRIBUTION After Federal Constitution Amendment

THE WATER CYCLE Total Water Recycle And how will success affect the stakeholders? And here is where we would outline the key benefits to each unique stakeholder – like in the MAS BTP Water Cycle - Nature Water Cycle - Built Water Cycle Total Water Recycle

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To determine whether the planning, implementation, and monitoring drinking water quality has been managed properly, efficiently and effectively in accordance with the standards to ensure that drinking water supplied is safe and acceptable to consumers.

THE SCOPE OF THE AUDIT An audit covers 3 years from 2005 to 2007 to carry out analysis of data. Whereas in 2008, it will lead to an audit inspection on site. Involve the cooperation of: State Water Operator - Covered the whole country MOH (Ministry of Health Malaysia) SPAN (National Water Services Commission) for the states in Peninsular only and Regulatory Bodies of Water (Sabah & Sarawak). Covers the whole course starting from the raw water source to the user. The study was carried out on networks / course for the 42 /453 of the treatment plant from the treatment plant in the country selected as a sample for an audit of drinking water quality management studies.

METHODOLOGY Audit methodology is included: Samples were collected by the MOH and the State Water Supply Agency. Inspection of the sampling stations. Carry out analysis of data. Ensure procedures are in compliance with standard sampling. Carry out comparison of the sampling schedule, the performance of water quality and water quality trends for each state. Implement the questionnaire concerning the quality of water supplied to consumers. Comparison of unit cost and quality of water supplied.

National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (DOE) National Drinking Water Quality Standards Parameters Maximum Acceptable Value Fluoride 0.4 – 0.6 mg/l Turbidity < 5 NTU pH 6.5 - 9.0 Colour < 15 TCU Free Residuel Chlorine 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l Aluminium < 0.2 mg/l Manganese < 0.1 mg/l Source: Ministry of Health National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (DOE) Classification Usage Class I Conservation of natural environment. Water supply l – Practically no treatment necessary. Fishery l – Very sensitive aquatic species Class IIA Water supply ll – Conventional treatment required Fishery ll – Sensitive aquatic species Class IIB Recreational use with body contact Class III Water supply lll – Extensive treatment required Fishery lll – Common of economic value and tolerant species; livestock drinking Class IV Irrigation Class V None of the above Source: DOE 11

TEST PARAMETERS ON THE WATER (PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL / BIOLOGICAL) The tests carried out: - pH Turbidity Colour Free Residuel Chlorine Iron Manganese Aluminium Ammonia Fluoride Total/Faecal Coliform Physical Test Chemical Test Biological Test

LINE OF INQUIRY Government Policy Law, Guidelines and Regulations Water Quality Program Water Quality Testing Drinking Water Quality Standards Human Capital Organizational Structure Manpower Requirements Water Quality Testing Equipment Water Quality Testing Equipment Requirements Water Quality Testing Equipment Maintenance Financial Requirements Maintenance of Records Record of Water Quality Testing Public complaints Monitoring mechanism

AUDIT FINDINGS…… Water Treatment Plant There are number of weaknesses found in the drinking water quality management: Most Catchment Area Not Gazetted. Lack Of Awareness Among The State Water Authorities. High Cost Involved Fragmentation Raw Water Quality -Deterioration In Water Quality Illegal Activities In The Catchment Area - Farming, - Agriculture - Livestock - Garbage Disposal - Deforestation Illegal Activities In The River Basin - Effluent Discharge - From STP - Leachate Discharge – Solid Waste Disposal (Landfill) - Industrial Discharge – Chemical & Biological - Sludge Discharge From WTP - Domestic Discharge – Grey & Dark Water - Restaurant Discharge – Oil & Grease - Sand Mining Water Treatment Plant Conventional Treatment Process Competence Staff Laboratory Equipment Fluoridation Dosage System Water Catchment Area, Border Basin, Dam And Reserve Forest in the Selangor state

Table : Area and Status of Water Catchment Forest Gazette State Area (hectares) Status / Notes Was Gazette (hectares) Not yet Gazette (hectares) In Process (hectares) Perlis Gazetting of the dam on only Kedah 139,294.00 31,219.00 - 108,075.00 Penang 6,288.29 Perak 310,042.00 159,866.00 150,176.00 Selangor 47,683.99 35,054.57 12,629.42 N. Sembilan 47,150.42 Melacca Gazetting of the river only Johor 85,597.97 Pahang 285,862.00 250,952.00 34,910.00 Terengganu 49,107.10 Kelantan 35,898.00 Sabah 3,804,500.00 Sarawak 11,537,995.00 4,079,535.00 7,458,460.00 Total 16,349,418.77 4,780,668.35 11,297,870.00 270,880.42 Source: Department of Forestry / Regulatory Affairs / Water Supply Entities -2010 % water catchment forest gazetted = 29% More >70% still not gazetted In process of gazetted = 1.66%

Ageing Infrastructure AUDIT FINDINGS…… Ageing Infrastructure 1. Treatment Plant Using Conventional Treatment Vs Detoriate Raw Water Quality Laboratory Equipment – Unreliable Data 64% of Fluoride Dosing System not Functional 2. Distribution System - Main Pipeline & Reticulation System - Burst & Leaks – Turbid Water, - Corroded Pipe –Rusty Coloured Water - Sampling Stations - Site Testing – In-situ Test – equipment not well maintain - Weekly/ Monthly Testing – Unreliable Data - cased by – wrong sampling procedure - sample not send on time 3. Plumbing System - G.I Communications Pipe - Corroded - Old Storage Tank – Corroded – (press steel tank) – resulting in colored water Not calibrated Old equipment

Operation & Maintenance AUDIT FINDINGS…… Operation & Maintenance Reservoir Unscheduled Cleaning – Sediment Built Up Coloured & Odour Water 2. Pipe Network Unscheduled Cleaning/Flushing & Scouring – Sediment Built Up Visual Appearance – Coloured Water Smell & Odour Water Delayed Pipe Burst & Leak Repair – Back Siphoned 3. Violation On Water Quality - Quality Assurance Program (QAP) Fluoride Chlorine Alumminium Sulphate Flushing Activities Before After

DRINKING WATER QUALITY PERFORMANCE BASED QAP QAP violation Set By MOH States % VIOLATION 2006 2007 2008 Res Cl (2.8) E-coli (0.5) E-coli & Res Cl (0.3) NTU (3.2) Al (10.2) Res Cl (2.8) E-coli (0.4) NTU (2.0) Perlis 0.55 0.73 37.72 2.52 2.70 48.18 4.50 4.60 4.23 2.48 Kedah 1.65 0.26 0.31 2.93 11.85 2.30 0.43 0.21 5.71 10.35 1.60 0.30 0.16 4.98 Penang 2.33 0.18 0.03 4.67 2.41 0.12 0.45 7.36 0.06 0.32 0.98 Perak 0.51 0.22 0.82 9.75 1.00 1.98 12.23 1.18 0.29 2.77 2.64 Selangor 3.4 0.1 0.0 0.4 9.6 2.0 0.2 5.2 1.74 0.01 0.28 1.52 N. Sembilan 2.22 0.38 0.34 2.72 20.72 1.77 0.09 2.11 18.77 2.83 0.25 0.11 3.33 4.20 Melaka 3.36 1.11 8.96 1.45 3.81 0.96 1.28 Johor 5.41 0.56 26.26 5.58 0.05 28.31 2.06 0.02 0.89 4.66 Pahang 2.24 1.73 1.09 3.74 21.27 2.13 0.94 0.62 2.34 23.49 2.21 1.30 0.54 4.54 4.79 Terengganu 0.6 0.9 9.1 0.7 1.6 9.4 0.8 1.0 Kelantan 5.63 0.15 0.44 7.22 17.89 5.17 0.42 10.63 18.98 4.80 0.85 0.67 17.81 5.60 Sabah 7.54 1.24 8.46 22.14 0.68 1.23 5.83 19.0 6.94 4.53 2.80 12.27 27.83 Sarawak 0.00 22.81 1.27 24.42 1.68 0.66 Note: % who violate QAP Source: KKM Mostly violate on parameters: Residual chlorine Alumminium

Drinking Water Quality Performance Among State Based on the QAP Violation average QAP in the States for the Period 2006 to 2008

IN-SITU WATER TEST & SAMPLING

DESCRIPTION OF WORKS ‘AIR SCOURING’ Water quality before the work of ‘air-scouring’ Water quality in the work of ‘air-scouring’ Water quality after the work of ‘air-scouring’

RESERVOIR CLEANING BEFORE CLEANING AFTER CLEANING

WAY FORWARD - SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY - Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Gazettement On Catchment Area Enforcement Integration Of Water Related Entity -Demand Management - Optimum Daily Consumption - NRW Management - Recycle Water - Recycle Sewerage Water - Recycle Industry Water - Green Technology - Renewable Resources - Ground Water Replenished - Rain Water Harvesting - Roof Top - Surface Runoff

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