Immediate and long-term effects of ankle-foot orthosis on muscle activity during walking: A randomized study of patients with unilateral foot drop Johanna.

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Immediate and long-term effects of ankle-foot orthosis on muscle activity during walking: A randomized study of patients with unilateral foot drop Johanna F. Geboers, MD, Maarten R. Drost, PhD, Frank Spaans, MD, PhD, Harm Kuipers, MD, PhD, Henk A. Seelen, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 240-245 (February 2002) DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2002.27462 Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 A patient walking on a level treadmill with electrodes on the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, soleus, and the lateral part of the gastrocnemius muscle (below the AFO). The patient wears the standard AFO and shoe. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 240-245DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27462) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Random example of mean rectified filtered electromyographic (EMG) pattern of tibialis anterior (TA) during a step cycle for 2 healthy and 2 paretic subjects. The 15% border is indicated. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 240-245DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27462) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Mean immediate change in muscle activity with AFO use per muscle, for paretic and healthy subjects, standard error of the mean (SEM) and median. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 240-245DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27462) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Mean immediate change in muscle activity in the first 15% of the gait cycle for, respectively, paretic and healthy dorsiflexors, SEM, and median. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 240-245DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27462) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Relative change in electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius muscle (GAS), soleus (SOL), and peroneus longus (PL) in the no-AFO group and AFO group at T0, T3, and T6. NOTE. Mean (solid line), SEM, and median (broken line). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 240-245DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27462) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions