1. Locomotor-specific measure of spasticity of plantarflexor muscles after stroke 
Anouk Lamontagne, PhD, PT, Francine Malouin, PhD, PT, Carol L. Richards, PhD, PT 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 82, Issue 12, Pages (December 2001)
DOI: /apmr
Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Lengthening velocity, lengthening, and electromyographic activity of medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) during gait, as well as the electromyography–lengthening velocity plots of the medial gastrocnemius obtained during the stance phase, for (A) a healthy subject, as well as for (B) the paretic and (C) and nonparetic sides of a patient. Two critical lengthening periods were first identified: 1 during stance and 1 during swing. The electromyogram of the medial gastrocnemius during those critical periods was normalized to its maximal value, then plotted as a function of lengthening velocity (only stance phase is shown at the bottom of the figure). The data points shown on the scatter plots were extracted every 2% of the gait cycle. Note that the number of data points used for the regression analysis was not always the same across subjects and between the paretic and nonparetic limb of the same subject because the muscle-lengthening period varied. Both the direction and the magnitude of the electromyography–lengthening velocity slopes were analyzed.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Mean electromyography–lengthening velocity slope values for the medial gastrocnemius in the paretic (n = 30) and nonparetic side (n = 30) of the patients and in the healthy group (n = 15) during the (A) stance and (B) swing phases of gait. The squares and the boxes show, respectively, the mean slope values and their 95% confidence intervals.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Relationship of gait speed with the gain (electromyography–lengthening velocity slopes) of the stretch reflexes calculated on the paretic side of the patients. The gain of the stretch reflexes decreased as gait speed increased.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /apmr )
Copyright © 2001 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions