GENETICS (Geneology) the study of “genes” Inheritable traits that

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Presentation transcript:

GENETICS (Geneology) the study of “genes” Inheritable traits that are passed on from generation to generation

DNA vs. RNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Genetic code (makes up chromosomes in the nucleus RNA Ribonucleic acid Copies pieces of DNA to give the cell instructions about which proteins to make

What are some examples of “inherited traits”? eye color nose shape ears hair color height skin color disease * vision

Where are genes found? chromosomes cell genes DNA nucleus (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Structure of DNA “double helix” nitrogen bases phosphate and sugar A and T are always linked T C A G G and C are always linked combinations of base pairs create genetic traits like a code (codon) A G brown eyes A  adenine T  thymine (DNA only) C  cytosine G  guanine U  uracil (RNA only)

How does DNA translate into the genetic traits we express? The DNA strands separate temporarily RNA nucleotides in the cytoplasm take their place along the DNA nucleotides (**Note  in RNA, thymine (T) is replaced with a different base called uracil (U).) RNA nucleotides in groups of three are called codons. Each codon will produce one of twenty different amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Groups of amino acids will develop into the inheritable traits we recognize, such as eye color.