Section 4 – pg 520 Using Space Science on Earth Chapter 13 Section 4 – pg 520 Using Space Science on Earth

The Challenges of Space Pg 521 The Challenges of Space Conditions in space that differ from those on Earth include near vacuum, extreme temperatures, and microgravity

Vacuum Vacuum: a place that is empty of all matter Pg 521 Except for a few stray atoms and molecules, most of space is empty Spacecrafts must be airtight The lack of atoms causes extreme temperatures from the sun Spacecrafts must also be well insulated

Microgravity Pg 521 Microgravity: feeling of weightlessness Technically, astronauts in orbit around the Earth still have Earth’s gravity working on them, but since they are falling at the same rate as the spacecraft they are in, they feel weightless Due to the microgravity, they must have special tools and devices to help them with regular tasks

Pg 522 Space Spinoffs Space spinoff: an item that has uses on Earth but was originally developed for use in space The space program has developed thousands of products that affect many aspects of modern society, including consumer products, new materials, medical devices, and communications satellites

Pg 522 Consumer Products Bar codes were originally developed by NASA to keep accurate inventory of their parts Cordless power tools were developed to be used for astronauts because in space there is no where to plug in for power Other products: scratch-resistant lenses, freeze-dried foods, shock absorbing helmets, and smoke detectors

New Materials Pg 523 Flexible metal eyeglass frames are made from metals that “remember” their former shapes when bent Tennis rackets used the same material as some space craft components because it is strong yet light weight Athletic shoes contain the same shock-absorbing material developed for moon boots Fire resistant material developed for spacesuits are now being used for fireproof clothing and firefighters uniforms

Medical Devices Pg 523 Lasers are used to clean clogged arteries Pace-makers use longer-life batteries originally developed for space power systems Computer-aided imaging techniques were developed for use on the moon

Pg 524 Satellites Satellites are used for communications and for collecting weather data and other scientific data Observation satellites track weather systems, map Earth’s surface, and observe changes in the environment Remote sensing: the collection of information about Earth and other objects in space without being in direct contact Geostationary orbit: a satellite orbits Earth above the equator at the same rate as Earth rotates and stays over the same place on Earth all the time

Chapter 13 Section 4 Homework - Pg 524

1A. Name three ways that conditions in space are different from conditions on Earth

1B. How have engineers designed spacecrafts to operate in the special conditions of space?

2A. What is a space spinoff?

2B. How has medical science benefited from the space program?

2C. Choose one space spinoff and compare how it is used in space and on Earth

3A. Name three uses of satellites that affect everyday life

3B. What advantage would there be to placing a satellite in geostationary orbit?

3C. How could a scientist use satellites to determine whether a rain forest was becoming smaller over time?