Ecosystems and services

An Ecosystem Approach of Accounting Spatial integration Economic sectors Accounts of flows of ecosystem goods and services Core accounts of assets & flows (by ecosystem types, raw quantities) Material/energy flows (focus on biomass, water, nutrients, residuals) Functions & Services Land use function Ecosystem services Supply & use of ecosystem goods and services (Use of resource by sectors, supply to consumption & residuals, accumulation, I-O analysis) Counts of stocks diversity / integrity (by ecosystem types, focus on state, health, resilience) Ecosystem types Natural assets accounts Capital consumption & accumulation (physical units, €) Natural capital structure, resilience (physical units, by sectors) Ecosystem assets wealth (€) Ecosystem Stocks & State Accounts Natural Capital Accounts/ living & cycling natural capital Economic integration

Accounting for environmental benefits and costs Benefits: the Demand side FCGS GDP + Final Use of Ecosystem Services = IDP € € Final Services IDP Inclusive Domestic Product + (Intermediate consumption) Additional maintenance cost of the resource Costs of restoration from ecosystem degradation Full ecosystem cost of imports Ecosystem Services Stocks & flows (quantities) Resilience/Health (qualities) Costs: the Supply side Costs € Ecosystem Assets Full Cost of Goods & Services

Integrated National Accounts: GDP, Ecosystem Services & Assets, Monetary & Physical Indicators Final Use of Non-Market Ecosystem Services LEP (Landscape net Ecological Potential) HANPP (Human appropriation of the net primary productivity) Ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating and socio-cultural services – supply & use) Ecosystem Assets/ Natural Capital (stocks, material & energy flows, health/resilience – land, water, biomass, biodiversity…) Ecosystem Accounts MFA/ (Material / energy flow accounts) GDP Full ecosystem costs of domestic products Land and ecosystem accounts constitute a broad multipurpose platform. Ecosystem accounts are the basis for measuring and valuing ecosystem services and ecosystem maintenance costs. Services and costs connect the economic and natural realms. The physical indicators candidate for the “basket” deliver messages by combining observations on land use, material flows of biomass, fossil resource… with specific statistics. For consistency and comparability reasons as well as for costs and efficiency consideration, the production of physical indicators should be based on the common platform. EF (Ecological Footprint) Full ecosystem cost of imports