Introduction to Energy Essential Question: What is energy? Big Idea: Energy Exits in different forms and can change from one form to another, but energy is always conserved. Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Essential Question: What is energy?

Forms of Energy??????

X X X X Sound from this marching band is caused by vibrations of air particles A law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can change forms (be transformed)

kinetic energy potential energy Get Energized! Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Get Energized! What are two types of energy? Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy takes many different forms and causes many different effects. There are two general types of energy: kinetic energy potential energy

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

What are two types of energy? Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy What are two types of energy? Kinetic energy is the mechanical energy of an object that is due to motion. All moving objects have kinetic energy. The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its mass and speed (Velocity). Kinetic energy increases as mass increases and/or as velocity (speed) increases.

What are two types of energy? Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy What are two types of energy? Potential energy is the mechanical energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition. Potential energy that is the result of an object’s position is called gravitational potential energy. Gravitational potential energy (GPE) increases as the object’s height or mass increases.

What are two types of energy? Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy What are two types of energy? Potential energy is the mechanical energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition. Potential energy that is the result of an object’s condition is called elastic potential energy. A change in the condition of an object affects its potential energy. Stretching a rubber band increases its potential energy

What are two types of energy? Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy What are two types of energy? Potential energy is the mechanical energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition. Potential energy that is the result of an object’s chemical composition is called chemical potential energy (CPE). Chemical potential energy depends on chemical composition. As bonds break and new bonds form between atoms during a chemical change, energy can be released. When a fuel burns in air, the hydrocarbons break up into simpler compounds. The chemical potential energy they contain is then released as heat energy. Light energy is produced at the same time and this is what makes a fire glow as it burns

Can objects have potential and kinetic energy at the same time? Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Can objects have potential and kinetic energy at the same time? An object can have both potential and kinetic energy at the same time. The story of kinetic and potential energy

6) Other things that show PE & KE Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy 6) Other things that show PE & KE

No, because he is at the bottom of the ramp.   p103 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy 7) Analyze: Do you think that the skater has any GPE at pt C (3)? Explain No, because he is at the bottom of the ramp. Gravity cannot pull him any lower, so he has no GPE Energy transfer inside a half pipe. 1) All potential energy 2) Potential becoming Kinetic 3) All Kinetic energy 4) Kinetic becoming Potential 5) All Potential Energy

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy General form of energy The story of kinetic and potential energy Increases as mass or height increases Due to position, condition, & chemical composition Energy due to motion General form of energy Position: Gravitational potential energy All moving object Depend on Mass Depends on mass and speed Potential Energy Condition: Elastic potential energy Kinetic Energy Ability to cause change Measured in Joules Chemical Composition Bonds break & /or new bonds form increases as mass increases Mechanical Energy increases as speed increases

p104 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy In Perfect Form What forms can energy take? Kinetic energy and potential energy are two types of energy that can come in many different forms. mechanical, sound, electromagnetic, electrical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear energy. Energy is expressed in joules (J).

Mechanical Energy P104-105 Sum of Kinetic and Potential Energy Energy of Position and Motion Moving car Can be all kinetic, all potential or a combination Put on back of notes

Sound Energy Electromagnetic Energy Electrical Energy Kinetic Energy Travels through space in electromagnetic waves Vibrations of electrically charged particles. Electric and Magnetic Properties X-rays, microwaves, visible light, sun P104-105 Sound Energy Kinetic Energy Vibration of particles of the medium it’s traveling through Electrical Energy Kinetic and Potential Energy Position and Motion of charged particles (electrons –) Lights, computer

Chemical Energy Thermal energy Nuclear Energy Kinetic Energy Particles are in motion As motion increases, KE increases, Temperature increases Heat is energy transferred from the area of higher temp to area of lower temp Chemical Energy Potential Energy Bonds break and new bonds form. Food, batteries, matches Nuclear Energy Potential Energy Nucleus of an atom is the source. Fission: nucleus splits (breaks apart) Fusion: Nuclei join together Energy is released SUN P104-105

What forms can energy take? P104-105 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy What forms can energy take? 8) What forms of energy can you identify in this pinball game? Electromagnetic B Sound C Mechanical A Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

P104-105 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy 9) How does electrical energy differ from electromagnetic energy? Electromagnetic energy is caused by vibration of electrically charged particles. Transmitted by waves. Electrical energy is caused by the position or motion of electrically charged particles. 10) Would you expect to detect electrical energy if you played the pinball game? Explain The pinball machine is powered by electrical energy as inferred by the lights, sounds (rings where the ball hits the bumper) and motion of the flippers.

Pg 106 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy 12) Why is the chemical energy of a battery potential energy and not kinetic energy? The energy in the chemicals is stored energy. The battery must be placed into a completed electrical circuit for the energy to create an electric current.

Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy In Perfect Form WS You can determine an object mechanical energy by adding together the objects kinetic and potential energy. B,C,E,F (electrical, thermal, chemical, electromagnetic) A (mechanical) A,B,C,F (mechanical, electrical, thermal, electromagnetic) B,C,F (electrical, thermal, electromagnetic) C,D,F (thermal, nuclear, electromagnetic) A,C,E,F (mechanical, thermal, chemical, electromagnetic)

Transformers What is an energy transformation? Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Transformers What is an energy transformation? An energy transformation takes place when energy changes from one form into another form. Any form of energy can change into any other form of energy. Often, one form of energy changes into more than one form.

What is an energy transformation? Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy What is an energy transformation? In a flashlight, chemical energy (battery) is transformed into electrical energy. The electrical energy is then transformed into light and thermal energy. 24

Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Is energy conserved? A closed system is a group of objects that transfer energy only to one another. Energy is conserved in all closed systems. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change forms. All of the different forms of energy in a closed system always add up to the same total amount of energy. 17) Relate The law of conservations of energy states energy is not created not destroyed: it can only change forms. An energy transformation is a change from one form of energy to another.

Energy Transformations when you strike a match? Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Energy Transformations when you strike a match? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _______ __________ ______________ ____________________________ 26

Energy Transformations when you strike a match? Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Energy Transformations when you strike a match? Striking the match (Chemical Potential Energy) transforms mechanical energy to thermal energy & sound energy. Thermal Energy causes particles to release chemical energy. Chemical energy is transformed to thermal and electromagnetic energy. Chemical Potential Mechanical Thermal & Sound Chemical Thermal (heat) & Electromagnetic (light) 27

Energy Transformations when you bounce a ball? Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _____ ______________________ 28

Energy Transformations when you bounce a ball? Pg 108-109 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy 1) As the ball falls, gravitational potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy. 2) While the ball is in contact with the floor, kinetic energy transforms into elastic potential energy and then back to kinetic energy. 3) As the ball travels upward, kinetic energy is transformed to potential energy. 4) The ball does not return to original height because some K.E. is transformed to Thermal energy or Sound during a bounce. GPE KE EPE Thermal and Sound Energy 29

Space Weather and Technology Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Space Weather and Technology Space weather includes any activity happening in space that might affect Earth’s environment. Space weather can damage satellites and interrupt phone signals and signals to Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. Auroras are caused by electrically charged particles of solar winds hitting Earth’s magnetic field. They can interrupt airplane communications. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Space Weather and Technology pg 107 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Introduction to Energy Space Weather and Technology pg 107 13) Identify: what type of energy is monitored by scientists forecasting future space weather? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14) Infer: Why is space weather a bigger concern now than it was in the past? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15) Research: How do scientists forecast space weather? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Energy Work Power is the ability to do exists as measured in which at a given rate is can be Power

Draw and fill in into your notes Review Energy is the ability to do exists as measured in Kinetic energy Potential energy Joules Work which at a given rate is can be Elastic Gravitational Power