Kingdom Fungi

Fungi Basics Heterotrophs No photosynthesis

Fungi Basics Heterotrophs No photosynthesis enzymes absorb nutrients

Fungi Basics Heterotrophs Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) No photosynthesis enzymes absorb nutrients Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) Insect exoskeletons made of chitin as well

Fungi Basics Heterotrophs Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) No photosynthesis enzymes absorb nutrients Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Fruiting Body produces spores

Fungi Basics Heterotrophs Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) No photosynthesis enzymes absorb nutrients Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual Evolved from fungus-like protista

Fungi Structure Spores land on ground Hyphae grow from spore Release enzymes to digest food Absorb nutrients Mycelium accumulates Body of the fungus Large mass of hyphae Fruiting body appears reproductive structure creates spores by meiosis Fungi classified based on differing fruiting bodies

Fungi Structure Spores land on ground Hyphae grow from spore Fruiting body Spores land on ground Hyphae grow from spore Release enzymes to digest food Absorb nutrients Mycelium accumulates Body of the fungus Large mass of hyphae Fruiting body appears reproductive structure creates spores by meiosis Fungi classified based on differing fruiting bodies Hyphae Spore producing structure Mycelium

Asexual Reproduction Asexual Fruiting body release haploid spores Haploid mat of mycelium grows Haploid fruiting body creates haploid spores Spores released Cycle repeats

Bread Molds Decompose dead matter Can reproduce sexually or asexually Ecological importance: Mycorrhizae Mutualistic with plant roots; Provide decomposed nutrients to plant

. . . Bread Molds Sexual Haploid spores from two different fungi lands Hyphae of fungus A Sexual Haploid spores from two different fungi lands Spores grows into haploid mycelium Haploid hyphae fuse together creating a diploid zygospore Zygospore grows into diploid mycelium Haploid spores created inside sporangia by meiosis Hyphae of fungus B . . . sporangium

Club Fungi Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi Fruiting body Club shaped Haploid spores produced by meiosis Spores housed inside “basidia” Puffballs Mushrooms Shelf fungi ground Club

Here is a typical mushroom… lets flip it upside-down These haploid spores are created by meiosis and released into the wind. Notice the “gills” underneath. These folds contain millions of spores. Lets zoom in… Here is a typical mushroom… lets flip it upside-down

Haploid spore from fungus A will land… Haploid spore from fungus A will land…. Haploid spore from fungus B will land Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore Two haploid hyphae fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium Fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the basidia . . . . . ground

Sac Fungi Yeast, morels, truffles Some produce antibiotics Fruiting body resembles a sac Spores housed inside “asci” Penicillium fungi Yeast Morel Truffle ground

Here is a typical sac fungi… lets look at a drawing instead Lets zoom in to the inside of the sac… Here are the asci that hold the spores... Lets zoom into one ascus as it releases the spores Meiosis created these spores and the wind helps to disperse them

. . . . . . Haploid spores from two fungi will land Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore Two haploid hyphae fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium . Fruiting body grows from the mass . Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the asci . . . . ground

Lichens Often pioneer species (grow on rock) Example of two organisms living in mutualism #1: Fungus #2: Algae Mutualism: Both benefit Fungus: obtains nutrients from the algae Algae: grows among the hyphae of the fungus; gets water