Summary Chapter -04
Process Design what do we mean by process? Process is an activity that creates products or services. How can we define the term Design? Designing is shaping of resources or activities. Design activity Design happens before the construction. Design will give solution for production. Design is done according to the volume and variety.
Example the production of Coca- Cola Sugar Water caramel Caffeine vanilla Lime extract Coca-coal
Process produces: services – hospitals, hotel, airlines products – phones, cars, computers Process of producing both service and products- hotels… so any process design is the answering two questions: How to make? What to make? The both product/service design and the process design of making them are related.
We cannot design a product/service without designing the process of producing the same. The relationship between product/service design and process design of the production is helpful in many ways. Example , the engineers who design the flight go for the text fly, so the safety will be a important objective for designing. Objectives for process design make sure the performance of the process is correct. Process design should be according to the process objectives.
How to design environmentally friendly? Page 92 Process Types Project process customized products timescale or duration of production is too long. High variety and low volume. Examples: Shipbuilding, construction companies, movie production companies, Generator or engine manufacturing, installing computer system.
2. Jobbing process high variety and low volume. Each products share operation resources. For example machines, staff, raw materials e.t.c Examples : Tool makers, furniture restorers, bespoke tailors e.t.c
High volume and low variety Products are produced in batch. Examples: 3.Batch process High volume and low variety Products are produced in batch. Examples: Automobile assembling, frozen food production 4. Mass process High volume and low variety. Example automobile plant.
5. Continuous process high volume and low variety operates for longer periods. Examples : Petrochemical refineries, electricity utilities, steel making.
Service process types Professional services. high- contact services. customers spends higher amount of time in the process. High level of customization. Professional services are people based not machine based. For example: consultants, lawyers, doctors,architects
2.Service shops Service shop provides a mix of front-office and back office service. To maintain dependable service the staff need to follow fixed process. for example : banks, gym, tour operator, hotels, travel agents e.t.c Mass service Many customer transactions Limited contact time Little customization Examples : Transport companies, arilines, call centers, supermarkets, library, police, telecommunication service
Product- process matrix Is a classic representation of how cost and flexibility vary with process choices.