Prof. Dr. Christian Agyare Pharm 262 c103 Fermentation 12/6/2018 Prof. Dr. Christian Agyare Pharm 262 c103

Fermentation Fermentation is the process of converting carbohydrate to alcohol and acids under anaerobic conditions Carried out by bacteria and yeast An ATP regenerating metabolic process Begin the same way, with glycolysis just like cellular respiration Pyruvate made in glycolysis does not continue through the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. 12/6/2018

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Range of fermentation Those that produce microbial cells or biomass as end-product Those that produce microbial enzymes Those that produce microbial metabolites Those that produce recombinant products Those that modify a compound for further fermentation transformation process 12/6/2018

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Substrate level phosphorylation Direct ATP formation through phosphate transfer from substrate to ATP Occurs in glycolysis and Krebs cycle 12/6/2018

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Oxidative phosphorylation Indirect ATP formation through redox reaction involving oxygen as final electron carrier Driven by the electron carrier system 12/6/2018

Electron carrier 12/6/2018

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GLYCOLYSIS 12/6/2018

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Alcohol dehydrogenase 12/6/2018 dehydrogenase Lactate decarboxylase Pyruvate Alcohol dehydrogenase

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Mixed acid fermentation 12/6/2018

Production of some organic solvents 12/6/2018

Other alternative pathways to pyruvate production Entner-Doudoroff (ketogluconate) pathway Phosphoketolase (Hexose mono P) pathway Oxidative Pentose-P pathway 12/6/2018

Non glucose fermentation process 12/6/2018

Gibbs free energy 12/6/2018