WARM-UP #7

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Genetic material of cells… GENES – units of genetic material that ____________________________ Called ____________________ DNA is made up of repeating molecules called _____________________

DNA Nucleotide O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 ________________ Group (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5 _______ (deoxyribose)

Watson & Crick proposed… DNA had specific pairing between the nitrogen bases: ________– __________ _________ - _________ DNA was made of __ long stands of nucleotides arranged in a specific way called the “___________________”

DNA Double Helix “Rungs of ladder” Nitrogenous Base (A,T,G or C) “Legs of ladder” Phosphate & Sugar Backbone

DNA Double Helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A

Nitrogenous Bases PURINES 1. __________ (_) 2. _________ (_) 1. __________ (_) 2. _________ (_) PYRIMIDINES 3. __________ (__) 4. __________ (__) A or G T or C

Chargaff’s Rule Adenine must pair with Thymine Guanine must pair with Cytosine Their amounts in a given DNA molecule will be ______________________________. T A G C

BASE-PAIRINGS C G ___________________ T A

Genetic Diversity… Different arrangements of _______________ in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to _____________ among living organisms.

The Code of Life… A T C G T A T G C G G… The “code” of the chromosome is the _______________________that bases occur. A T C G T A T G C G G…

DNA is wrapped tightly around ________ and coiled tightly to form chromosomes

DNA ______________ DNA must be copied The DNA molecule produces __ _________________ new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing: A-T, G-C Each strand of the original DNA serves as a _____________ for the new strand

DNA ____________ ________________ Model: . 1. Watson and Crick showed: the two strands of the _____________molecule separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand. . DNA _________ ______ DNA Parental DNA

Replication Quiz 1. Why is replication necessary? __________________________________ 2. When does replication occur? ____________________________ 3. Describe how replication works. ___________________________________ 4. Use the complementary rule to create the complementary strand: A---__ G---__ C---__ T---__

(1961) Watson & Crick proposed… …DNA controlled cell function by serving as a template for ______________structure. 3 Nucleotides = a triplet or ___________ (which code for a specific AMINO ACID) _________________are the building blocks of proteins.

DNA Transcription DNA can “unzip” itself and ________nucleotides match up to the DNA strand. Both DNA & RNA are formed from _________________ and are called ___________acids.

We will discuss details of this on a later date DNA Translation The cell uses information from “____________” RNA to produce proteins We will discuss details of this on a later date

1. Why is transcription necessary? __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe transcription. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is translation necessary?

4. Describe translation. ________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the main differences between DNA and RNA. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

(a library of about 1,000 books) AMAZING DNA FACTS… DNA from a single human cell extends in a single thread for almost 2 meters long!!! It contains information equal to some 600,000 printed pages of 500 words each!!! (a library of about 1,000 books)