Meteo 003 Lab 3 Due Friday September 16th 3.12ab, 3.13abcde, 3.15ab, 3.16ab 4.1ab, 4.2, 4.6, 4.7b, 4.8

Problem 3.12 a,b a) Gulf Stream Originates in the Gulf of Mexico, travels around the tip of Florida and continues along the eastern coastline. Current of relatively warm ocean water. b) Map interpretation Use the color coding on the map to interpret temperatures

Problem 3.13 a,b,c,d,e All about Seasonality Large bodies of water moderate temperature Coastlines and islands vs. landlocked areas Prevailing wind direction West coast vs. east coast Location and direction of flow of the Gulf Stream and California currents (Part e) See Fig. 3.17

Problem 3.15 a,b a) To compute the diurnal range, average the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures over the 10 years of data. b) How would clouds affect max and min temperatures?

Problem 3.16 a 30 40

Problem 3.16 b Albedo- Amount of solar energy reflected back into Space Dark objects have low albedos (absorb more than reflect) Asphalt, soil Light objects have high albedos (reflect more than absorb) Ice, snow

Problem 4.1 a Relative Humidity Relative humidity depends on temperature Can change even if water vapor content doesn’t Warm air can include (air doesn’t technically “hold” water vapor) more water vapor than cold air Constant dew point means that amount of water vapor in air will be ___________? As Temperature Increase, equilibrium vapor pressure becomes larger while vapor pressure remains the same  so RH becomes smaller As Temperature decreases, equilibrium vapor pressure becomes smaller while vapor pressure remains the same  RH becomes larger RH = vapor pressure/equilibrium (saturation) vapor pressure x 100%

4.1 b Dew Point Depression = Temperature – Dew Point Things to consider Time of day dew point depression is greatest/least What happens when dew point depression = 0? Relative humidity = ?% Air is ________? Vapor pressure (>, <, =) equilibrium vapor pressure? As Temperature decreases, dew point depressions decreases (given temp is getting closer to dew point) So RH will increase as dew point depression decreases (When DPD is 0 that is when air is completely saturated)

Problem 4.2 Fog can be considered a low lying cloud. Fog forms where air is saturated. What does the dew point depression equal when air is saturated?

Problem 4.6 Relative Humidity = Vapor Pressure/ Equilibrium Vapor Pressure * 100% Given 2 out of 3 variables in equation, you will solve for missing variable Ex). - RH = 75% - Vapor Pressure = 9mb - Eq. Vapor Pressure = ? 9mb/0.75 = 12mb

Problem 4.7 b Pacific Ocean Vs. Gulf of Mexico Which is generally warmer/colder? Think about ocean currents and latitude. Higher temperatures increase evaporation rate, lead to more water vapor in the atmosphere

Problem 4.8 What is the molecular mass of O2? N2? Density = mass/volume Given two parcels of air with equal volumes. Calculate molecular mass to determine density of air. Ex). What is the molecular mass of H2O? Oxygen = 16AMU, Hydrogen = 1AMU 2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen = 2 x 1AMU + 16AMU = 18AMU What is the molecular mass of O2? N2?

Dry Line

LAB #3 – DUE FRIDAY SEPT. 15th Office hours: Thursday 2-3 PM 6th floor Walker Weather Center Please email me (mzw274@psu.edu) if you have any questions or don’t understand a concept! LAB #3 Assignment Summary Chapter 3: (12 a,b) (13 a,b,c,d,e) (15 a,b) (16 a,b) Chapter 4: (1 a,b ) (2) (6) (7 b only) (8)