Conversations with the Earth Tom Burbine

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Presentation transcript:

Conversations with the Earth Tom Burbine tburbine@framingham.edu 12/4/2018 Conversations with the Earth Tom Burbine tburbine@framingham.edu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sun_Life.png

Absorption lines

Energy Source for Sun Fusing hydrogen into helium 12/4/2018 Energy Source for Sun Fusing hydrogen into helium Hydrogen nucleus – 1 proton Helium nucleus – 2 protons, 2 neutrons Need high temperatures for this to occur ~10 million degrees Kelvin or higher

12/4/2018 http://www.astronomynotes.com/starsun/s3.htm

12/4/2018 http://www.astronomynotes.com/starsun/s3.htm

How does Fusion Convert Mass to Energy 12/4/2018 How does Fusion Convert Mass to Energy What is the most famous formula in the world?

E = mc2 m is mass in kilograms c is speed of light in meters/s 12/4/2018 E = mc2 m is mass in kilograms c is speed of light in meters/s E (energy) is in joules very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy

12/4/2018 Who came up with it?

12/4/2018 http://msnbcmedia3.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/z_Projects_in_progress/050418_Einstein/050405_einstein_tongue.widec.jpg

Law Law of Conservation of mass and energy Sum of all mass and energy (converted into the same units) must always remain constant during any physical process

12/4/2018

For example: 1 kg of Hydrogen is fused 0.993 kg of Helium is created 0.007 kg is turned into energy

Exercise #7 Let’s calculate the lifetime of the Sun Need to calculate the rate that the Sun will use up its nuclear fuel

Question #1 What formula will you use to calculate how much energy can be generated by the Sun?

Question #2 Will all the mass of the Sun be fused into Helium?

Question #3 The mass of the Sun is 2 x 1030 kilograms. Only 10% of the Sun is hot enough to fuse into Helium What mass of the Sun can be fused into Helium for energy?

Question #4 Will all this mass be turned into energy? If not, what percentage will be turned into energy?

Question #5 How much energy will then be produced by the Sun over its lifetime?

Question #6 What is the lifetime of the Sun? We need to know the rate that the Sun gives off energy. Sun gives off 3.8 x 1026 Watts (3.8 x 1026 Joules/second) Divide the energy produced by the Sun by the rate the Sun gives off energy to determine the lifetime of the Sun

Question #7 You get an answer in seconds How many years is that?

Question #8 How many years does the Sun have left?

Any Questions?