The Black Death 1347 - 1351 Chapter 14.

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Presentation transcript:

The Black Death 1347 - 1351 Chapter 14

Pre Black Death Growth Europe’s population doubled between 1100 & 1345 Reviving economy Warmer weather reduced deaths More farmland needed Three-field system Draining swamps & clearing forests

The Famine of 1315-1317 A population crisis developed Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-1317 because of excessive rain As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease

The Culprits

Three Bacterial Strains Bubonic – most common; buboes; 50-80% of victims died Pneumonic – more deadly; infected respiratory system; killed within hours Septicemic – infected blood stream; almost 100% victims died

Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

The Disease Cycle Human is infected! Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.

1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople

From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

Lancing a Buboe

Medieval Art & the Plague

Medieval Art & the Plague Bring out your dead!

Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death.

Boccaccio in The Decameron The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

Attempts to Stop the Plague “Leeching” A Doctor’s Robe

Attempts to Stop the Plague Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

Attempts to Stop the Plague “Golden Circle” obligatory badge “Jew” hat

Social Changes Laborers could demand higher pay Revolts Jacquerie (France) 1358 – peasants looted castles England (1381) – peasants invaded London demanding end to serfdom, which practically did disappear as higher waged enabled them to purchase their own land Per capita production rose

Population did not reach preplague levels until 1500! The Mortality Rate 35% - 70% 25,000,000 dead ! 1/3 of Western Europeans Population did not reach preplague levels until 1500!