Expanding Westward Objectives: Do Now: Homework: Understand the motives and settlement of western U.S. Do Now: Pg. 228 # 4 Homework: The Era of Good Feelings pg. 220 Test next Monday Ch. 7 and 8

The Great Migrations West attractive because War of 1812 lessened Native opposition by pushing Indians west and establishing forts on Great Lakes and Miss. R. Westward movement affected economy factor in Civil War, peoples thrusted together Pop. + econ. pressures, land availability, decreased Indian resistance Immigration and natural growth increased Eastern population agricultural lands occupied. Slaves in South limited work opportunity.

White Settlers in the Old Northwest Shelters primitive Clearings in forest for crops to supplement game and domestic animals Rough existence w/ poverty and loneliness Migrants journeyed westward in groups some formed communities, schools, churches, and other institutions. Mobility a large part of life Farm economy based on modest seized farms with grain cultivation + livestock

The Plantation System in the Southwest Cotton fields in Old South had lost much fertility but market continued to grow for it, Black Belt of SW lands could support thriving cotton First arrivals small farmers, wealthier planters followed buying and clearing smaller lands. Brought w/ them slaves, eventually mansions grew up from simpler log cabins symbolizing emergence of a newly rich class Rapid growth in NW and SW resulted in new states after War of 1812: Indiana 1816, Mississippi 1817, Illinois 1818, Alabama 1819

Trade and Trapping in the Far West Trade began to develop between western regions in US in 19th century + beyond Mexico (controlled Texas, CA, Southwest) won independence from Spain 1821, opened territories to trade in order to grow their fortunes. US merchants such as William Becknell displaced Indian traders and inferior Mexican products lost out to new US traders Mexico lost its markets it in own colonies

Trade and Trapping in the Far West Fur traders such as Jacob Astor’s American Fur Company eventually extended to Rockies instead of pelts from Indians increasingly trapped their own Trappers (“mountain men”) first wedge of white movement changed society by interacting with Indians and Mexicans. 1822 Andrew and William Ashley founded Rocky Mountain Fur Company, recruited trappers to live permanently in Rockies (Utah, New Mexico) Lives of trappers bound up with expanding market economy relied on fur companies for credit, depended on Eastern merchants for livelihood

Eastern Images of the West People in East only dimly aware of trappers’ world and their reshaping of it Explorers dispatched by US government to chart territories. 1819/1820 Steven Long sent by War Department to explore wrote influential report with dismissive conclusions for future settlement (like Zebulon Pike 15 years before)