Ch. 16 – Helping Students Succeed in Mathematics Kristen Stansbury Rose Youngmark

Influences on Math Instruction The Mathematics Advisory Panel offers six recommendations when it comes to math instruction: 1. Streamline the mathematics curriculum so that only the most essential elements of mathematics instruction is taught. 2. Use findings from rigorous mathematics research to (a) give students an early start in math, (b) teach in ways that recognize the importance of both conceptual understanding of math and fluency, and (c) recognize that persistence in teaching and learning math is essential. 3. Provide development for teachers so that they are knowledgeable on math content and teaching methods. 4. Use both student-centered and teacher directed instruction. 5. Emphasize math instruction that leads to success in algebra. 6. Read and implement from research on math instruction.

Difficulties in Learning Mathematics Students with disabilities may need more time to complete a problem. Students with disabilities may also need more support (additional instruction), to have a problem read to them, guidance on key ideas to focus on, and reminders about which operation to use. Developmental Arithmetic Disorder: individuals that have unexpected math difficulties given their overall cognitive function.

Instructional Practices for Gifted Students Use puzzles and games to engage students in learning. Create assessments that allow for differences in understanding, creativity, and accomplishment. Be flexible in your expectations about pacing for different students (others may need help at different times). Expect high-level products. Use a lot of higher-level questions. Ask “why” and “what if” questions. Differentiate assignments – give students a choice of a regular assignment or a task that is tailored to their interests.

Assessing a Students’ Number Sense Number sense refers to whatever a student’s understanding of a number and its use and meaning is flexible and fully developed. It develops as students understand the size of numbers, develop multiple ways of thinking about numbers, and develops accurate perceptions about the effects of operations on numbers.

Frequent Problems with Math Students have difficulty reading the information provided. Math concepts are often presented poorly. There are insufficient problems covering a concept and too few opportunities to apply knowledge. Students do not have prerequisite skills assumed by the text. The organization of the text is confusing.

Effective Ways to Teach Math Use peers to support instructional practice. Teach for comprehension/check for comprehension. Provide correction and feedback in a positive way. Provide enough practice time so that’s students understand how to solve a problem before moving onto a different chapter. Games/activities

Activity – Checking for Comprehension Using the M&M’s answer the question How many 4s make 20? (one way to think about it is SHOW how many 4s make 20.

Answer

Adapting Instruction for Secondary Students Activity could include: Paying rent for an apartment. Receiving monthly paycheck for certain amount. Learning how to use a checkbook for “expenses” in the classroom. Give real-life application for students.