Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre Centre (A Regd. Society and Autonomous Body, Affiliated to Dept. of Science & Technology, GoK) Objective : Providing Science & Technology based information on Natural Disaster to the Government & General Public. Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road, Near Attur Layout, Yelahanka, Bangalore-560064 E-mail: dmc.kar@nic.in, dmc.kar@gmail.com, Website: www.ksndmc.org Phone: 67355000 Director: 67355105 Fax: 67355198

Advices & Services of KSNDMC Common Man R & D Agrarian Community Irrigation Agro based Sector Transport Sector Power & Energy Fisherman

Role of KSNDMC in SUJALA III Guide in establishing Automatic Weather Stations in Watersheds and Data acquisition / Analysis Undertake weather analysis for identifying frequency of droughts and evolve plans related to climate smart farming Capacity Building Climate variability Weather advisory in Project Areas Data needs and its Institutionalization

Weather informatics for forecast enabled precision agriculture EMPOWERING THE INDIAN FARMER Weather informatics for forecast enabled precision agriculture The farmers have proved capable of adopting new technologies ; modern methods have made way into our farming practices. There are problems, however, that still cause immense hardship to our farmers, and where conventional technologies can not help. An example is the cost of irrigation. A marginal farmer has to hire and transport irrigation equipment; each irrigation episode costs about ` 2600. Owing to such costs, farmers are usually burdened by loans that reduce income and also bring down their morale. THE SCIENCE SOLUTION Advance knowledge of imminent rain to avoid unnecessary irrigation Computer-aided dynamical forecasts to decide irrigation scheduling PRODUCT DESIGN: UNDERSTANDING USER NEEDS Sustainability through Actionable Knowledge and Technology Innovation

Weather informatics for forecast enabled precision agriculture We at KSNDMC have developed knowledge solutions based on weather informatics and forecasts specially designed to meet users‛ needs THE CHALLENGE OF OUTREACH Solution must be with: Immediate and tangible benefits No risk due to error in forecast Easy access for implementation ~75% ACCURACY IN COUNT OF RAINY DAYS IN A MONTH Forecast disseminated through Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) Validation using high-density raingauge network of KSNDMC Farmers do not need precise values of rainfall or temperature: Forecast rainfall categories Forecast must be at high spatial resolution: Forecast at village cluster (Hobli) level Sustainability through Actionable Knowledge and Technology Innovation

Weather Informatics for Farmers: From Lab to Field A small or marginal farmer needs to spend ~ Rs 2500 for every irrigation episode This reduces the net earning of the farmer, and increases the loan burden Irrigation also adds to energy and carbon footprints of agriculture Weather Informatics for Farmers: From Lab to Field Sample of End User Feedback THE CHALLENGE OF OUTREACH Solution must be with Immediate and tangible benefits less risk due to error in forecast Easy access for implementation A science solution is not necessarily an outreach solution The area was receiving continuous rain and he would plan harvesting of banana crop if there was no rain in the next 3 days. The information based on the rainfall forecast helped him. Feedback from: Sh.Rudragouda OPERATIONAL SINCE JULY, 2010 WITH HAPPY END USERS Along with its various ICT methods, KSNDMC also maintains a 24x7 Help Desk Sh. Basavaraj Pattadakallu, Bagalkote district Sh. Balakrishna, Farmer FromArkalgud, Contacts the HELP DESK of KSNDMC. He had taken up cultivation of tobacco and wishes to know whether it would rain or not in the next 3 to 4 days to plan irrigation schedule. He was informed about imminent rain in his hobli based on the forecast of C-MMACS. He called later to inform that the forecast helped him to save about `.2,500. He contacted the HELP DESK of KSNDMC for weather forecasts. The forecasts were found to be correct in most cases. He greatly benefited from these forecasts, especially for planning sowing, fertilizer applications and insecticide/pesticide applications Climate and Environmental Modelling Programme www.cmmacs.ernet.in Celebrating 25 Years THE SCIENCE SOLUTION Advance knowledge of imminent rain to avoid unnecessary irrigation Computer-aided dynamical forecasts to decide irrigation scheduling PRODUCT DESIGN: UNDERSTANDING USER NEEDS Forecast is used to advise farmers when NOT to irrigate if rain is imminent An error in forecast only delays irrigation: risk-free Accurate forecast saves the expenditure: tangible benefit Reduced irrigation provides long-term benifits

GPRS Enabled and Solar Powered Telemetric Rain Gauge Stations (TRG) Network In Karnataka

GPRS Enabled and Solar powered Telemetric Weather Stations (TWS) network in Karnataka

SUJALA-III project needs Weather Monitoring Station at every 5 sq. Km Existing network Telemetric Rain Gauge in all the 5785 Grampanchayaths Telemetric Weather Stations in all the 747 Hoblis A Rainfall monitoring station at every 32 sq. Km A Weather monitoring station at every 270 sq. Km SUJALA-III project needs Weather Monitoring Station at every 5 sq. Km KSNDMC can take up the installation of compatible Weather Monitoring Stations and Integrate with the Existing Network.

Daily Rainfall Maps of Karnataka

Improvement in capturing Spatial Resolution of Rainfall Example: Bhalki Taluk, Bidar District 1 2 3 One rain gauge for the taluk Hobli level telemetric rain gauge without Interpolation Hobli level telemetric rain gauge with Interpolation by krigging

Improvement in capturing Spatial Resolution of Rainfall at Grama Panchayath level - Example: Haveri Hobli 1 2 3

Variation in Temperature measured in a area of 200 m x 200 m at KUDUR Hobli in Ramanagara District. Maximum difference is observed 2.8°C at 05:00 am of 18th December 2012

Hobli-Level Weather Forecast

KSNDMC in collaboration with CSIR-CMMACS, Bangalore has developed a meso-scale model for Hobli level Rainfall Forecast. Hobli level Rainfall Forecast is issued twice a day at 8.30 am and 4.30 pm everyday. KSNDMC in collaboration with SAC, Ahmadabad has been issuing Hobli level Weather Forecast. Hobli level Weather Forecast is issued everyday day at 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 60 hrs and 72 hrs format. Hobli level Weather Forecast includes Temperature (T C), Relative Humidity (RH %), Wind Direction, Wind Speed (m/s) and Rainfall (mm). Issuing synoptic weather forecast for 7 days and 15 days format.

24 hrs rainfall forecast Valid for 08.30 am of 07.10.2013 to 08.30 am 0f 08.10.2013

Hobli - wise Rainfall Forecast over karnataka:Yadgir Yadgir Forecast Bulletin 2013/10/07/YDR-07.1 Date of Forecast: 07/10/2013 Time of Forecast: 08:30 AM Forecast Period: 08:30 AM of 07/10/2013 To 08:30 AM of 08/10/2013 Yadgir DISTRIC SUMMERY TALUK SUMMERY HOBLI SUMMERY HOBLI NAME RAINFALL( mm) RAINFALL CATEGORY TALUK SUMMARY HOBLI SUMMARY Shahapur 5Hobli(s) MR   Shahapur 13.4 Doranahlli 11.5 Gogi (Gugipet) 12.4 Hayyala Buzurg 10.8 Wadagera 13.9 Shorapur 1Hobli(s) LR 4Hobli(s) MR Shorapur 26.7 Hunasagi 6.5 Kakkeri 21.9 Kembhavi 9.2 Kodekal 17.8 Yadgir 1Hobli(s) VLR 2Hobli(s) LR 3Hobli(s) MR 1.4 Balichakra 9.9 Gurmatkal 4.1 Hattikuni 7.7 Konakal 4.3 Saidapur 8.4 The Forecast represents category of 24-hr accumulated rainfall over the area Based on the pilot studies carries out by CSIR Centre for Mathmatical Modelling & Computer Simulation (C-MMACS), in association with KSNDMC, an AutonomousBody, affiliated to Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of Karnataka Disclaimer: The Mesoscale Rainfall Forecast Model Development has been taken up on pilot experimental basis. The results are being shared with the users with the information that neither CSIR C-MMACS nor KSNDMC will be responsible for the deviations for the Forecasted 1 2 3 5 1 4 1 3 12 1 2 3

Chamarajanagar DISTRIC SUMMERY TALUK SUMMERY HOBLI SUMMERY HOBLI NAME RAINFALL( mm) RAINFALL CATEGORY TALUK SUMMARY HOBLI SUMMARY Chamarajanagar 1Hobli(s) VLR 3Hobli(s) LR 1Hobli(s) MR   2.7 Chandakavadi 11 Haradanhalli 2.2 Harve 4.2 Santemarahalli 7.1 Gundlupet 2Hobli(s) VLR 1Hobli(s) LR 1Hobli(s) MR Gundlupet 1.4 Begur 8.2 Terakanambi 4.5 Hangala 1.6 Kollegal 5Hobli(s) MR Kollegal 13.5 Hanur Lokkanahalli 8.6 Palya 17.8 Ramapura 7.9 Yelandur 2Hobli(s) MR Yelandur 14.6 Agara (Br Hills) 12.2 1 2 3 2 1 4 2 1 1 3 4 9 5 2

“VARUNA MITRA” is equipped with the Technology to: Receive 32 calls simultaneously. Functions on 24x7x365 basis. Provide Hobli-specific weather forecast & information. 9243345433 – 30 lines 080-22745232 080-22745234

In order to disseminate Hobli level weather forecast and Information directly to generally public, especially farmers, an interactive Help-desk “VARUNA MITRA” has been functioning at KSNDMC. Interactive Help-Desk “VARUNA MITRA” Telephone Numbers

Year wise Call details.

Month wise Call Details from Jan – Sep 2013

SATELLITE BASED AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ASSESSMENT

Proposed Doppler Weather Radar Network Over Karnataka Coast

Doppler Weather Radar for rain detection 26

Proposed Net Work of Doppler Weather Radars Red circles are the Proposed 8 sites of C Band Doppler Weather Radars by KSNDMC Green circles are the Proposed 2 sites of IMD Gap Filling with X band Doppler weather Radars

KSNDMC Web-Portal www. ksndmc.org

Web enabled information dissemination to farmers at Raitha Samparka Kendras – providing weather details 29

Thanks