Remember DNA = genetic information

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Presentation transcript:

Remember . . . . . . DNA = genetic information DNA replication = unzipping of double helix and creating a new strand of DNA!

Picture this . . . . . You are a cell!! You want to make a protein, what do you do??? You have to get DNA  RNA  protein Protein synthesis!!

8. 4 KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a 8.4 KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. RNA carries DNA’s instructions. Central dogma = info. flows in 1 direction, from DNA to RNA to protein!

It includes 3 processes: Replication Transcription Translation RNA = Ribonucleic acid RNA = link btw DNA & proteins! replication transcription translation

Oh Man!!! DNA can’t leave the nucleus!!! Which organelle makes proteins???? RIBOSOMES! DNA’s code must be carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm!!! RNA does the job!

Let’s compare DNA & RNA!! Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar A, C, T, G Double stranded Ribose sugar A, C, Uracil, G Single stranded

Transcription Process by which a portion of DNA (a “gene”) is copied into a complementary strand of RNA. The DNA code is transferred out of the nucleus  ribosomes

RNA pol. reads template & makes complimentary strand!! RNA polymerase recognizes start site of gene & UNWINDS DNA!! RNA polymerase New RNA strand RNA strand hangs free & detaches once transcribed!!! Nucleotides DNA molecule

Transcription is catalyzed (started) by RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex. The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it. start site nucleotides transcription complex

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA. RNA polymerase bonds nucleotides together. DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA RNA polymerase moves along the DNA

The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed.

Transcription makes 3 types of RNA: carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. forms part of ribosomes (where proteins are made) takes amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)

The transcription process is similar to replication....HOW?? Transcription & replication both involve complex enzymes & complementary base pairing. BUT...have different end results: Replication copies all the DNA; transcription copies a gene. Replication makes one copy; transcription can make many copies. growing RNA strands DNA one gene