CHAPTER 24 Nuclear Energy

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CHAPTER 24 Nuclear Energy I. Radioactivity (p ) I. Radioactivity (p )

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 24 Nuclear Energy I. Radioactivity (p.674-683) 1 1

A. Definitions Radioactivity emission of high-energy radiation from the nucleus of an atom Nuclide nucleus of an isotope Transmutation process of changing one element into another via nuclear decay

B. Types of Radiation 2+ 1- Alpha () helium nucleus Beta-minus (-) paper 2+ Beta-minus (-) electron lead 1- Gamma () high-energy photon concrete

C. Nuclear Decay Why nuclides decay… to obtain a stable ratio of neutrons to protons Stable Unstable (radioactive)

C. Nuclear Decay TRANSMUTATION Alpha Emission Beta Emission

D. Half-life Half-life (t½) time it takes for half of the nuclides in a sample to decay Example Half-lives polonium-194 0.7 seconds lead-212 10.6 hours iodine-131 8.04 days carbon-14 5,370 years uranium-238 4.5 billion years

D. Half-life total time = 30 hours number of half-lives = 2 How much of a 20-g sample of sodium-24 would remain after decaying for 30 hours? Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. GIVEN: total time = 30 hours t1/2 = 15 hours original mass = 20 g WORK: number of half-lives = 2 20 g ÷ 2 = 10 g (1 half-life) 10 g ÷ 2 = 5 g (2 half-lives) 5 g of 24Na would remain.