ANATOMY Unit 4 Notes: Bone Injury

(1) Bone Injury Increased weight on bone/joint. Irregular movement/manipulation… Twisting Rotation Bending

(2) Comminuted Fractures Bone fragments into 3 or more pieces Common in aged people, when bones are more brittle

(3) Spiral Fractures Ragged diagonal break Result of excessive twisting forces Common sports fracture

(4) Depressed Fractures Portion of broken bone pressed inward Typical skull fracture

(5) Transverse Fractures Bone breaks straight through bone (perpendicular) Clean Break

(6) Oblique Fractures Bone breaks on diagonal Clean break

(7) Open Fractures Bone breaks and pierces skin Common in forearm and shin (leg)

(8) Compression Fractures Bone is crushed Common in porous bones (due to osteoporosis) Common in vertebral column

(9) Epiphyseal Fractures Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal plate Usually occurs where cartilage cells are dying and calcifying

(10) Greenstick Fractures Bone breaks incompletely (like a twig) Only one side of the shaft breaks, other side bends Common in children, when bones are more flexible