MODERN CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES Sections 1 -3 Properties of Acids & Bases Acid-Base Theories Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Brønsted - Lowry Lewis Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Brønsted-Lowry Acid & Base NH3(aq) + H2O(l)  NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H O N OH- H N H H H H H H H A molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor BASE A molecule or ion that is a proton donor ACID Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Bronsted-Lowry Acid & Base Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 p. xx

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Monoprotic Acid Acids that can donate only one proton per molecule Examples: HCl, HNO3, HF, HClO3 Organic acids are all monoprotic. Only the acidic hydrogen is donated. Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Monoprotic & Polyprotic Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 p. xx

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Polyprotic Acids Acids that can donate more than one proton per molecule. H2SO4 is diprotic. H3PO4 is triprotic. Sulfuric acid dissociates in steps. H2SO4 + H2O  H3O+ + HSO4- HSO4- + H2O  H3O+ + SO42- Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Lewis Acids & Bases Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 p. xx

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Lewis Acid An atom, ion or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond H+ + :NH3  H : NH3 {or NH4+} Lewis Acid Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Lewis Base An atom, ion or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond :B : : F :B : : F :F:1- : : +  :F Lewis Base Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482

Comparing Definitions Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 p. xx

Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482 Ch 14 Sec 2 Homework Page 482 # 1-3 Chapter 14 Section 2 Acid-Base Theories p. 478-482