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14.2 ACID-BASE THEORIES. 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases.

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Presentation on theme: "14.2 ACID-BASE THEORIES. 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases."— Presentation transcript:

1 14.2 ACID-BASE THEORIES

2 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases.

3 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 1.Arrhenius 2.Br ønsted-Lowry 3.Lewis

4 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 1.Arrhenius Acid is a molecule that produces H + in water The H coming from the acid is in a polar bond. The more polar the bond, the easier it is pulled away from the acid. In an organic acid, the H pulled away comes from the -COOH.

5 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 1.Arrhenius Acid is a molecule that produces H + in water The H coming from the acid is in a polar bond. The more polar the bond, the easier it is pulled away from the acid. In an organic acid, the H pulled away comes from the -COOH. H + is attracted to H 2 O to form H 3 O +

6 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 1.Arrhenius Acid is a molecule that produces H + in water The H coming from the acid is in a polar bond. The more polar the bond, the easier it is pulled away from the acid. In an organic acid, the H pulled away comes from the -COOH. H + is attracted to H 2 O to form H 3 O + Base is a compound that produces OH - in water.

7 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 1.Arrhenius Acid is a molecule that produces H + in water The H coming from the acid is in a polar bond. The more polar the bond, the easier it is pulled away from the acid. In an organic acid, the H pulled away comes from the -COOH. H + is attracted to H 2 O to form H 3 O + Base is a compound that produces OH - in water. What is limiting about this definition?

8 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 2.Br ønsted-Lowry

9 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 2.Br ønsted-Lowry An acid is a substance (molecule or ion) that donates a proton (H + )

10 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 2.Br ønsted-Lowry An acid is a substance (molecule or ion) that donates a proton (H + ) Monoprotic acids donate 1 H + Diprotic acids donate 2 H + Triprotic acids donate 3 H + The first ionization produces the greatest number of H +

11 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 2.Br ønsted-Lowry An acid is a substance (molecule or ion) that donates a proton (H + ) Monoprotic acids donate 1 H + Diprotic acids donate 2 H + Triprotic acids donate 3 H + The first ionization produces the greatest number of H + A base is a substance (molecule or ion) that accepts a H +

12 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 2.Br ønsted-Lowry An acid is a substance (molecule or ion) that donates a proton (H + ) Monoprotic acids donate 1 H + Diprotic acids donate 2 H + Triprotic acids donate 3 H + The first ionization produces the greatest number of H + A base is a substance (molecule or ion) that accepts a H + What is limiting about this definition?

13 14.2 There are 3 theories to describe acids and bases. 3.Lewis definition An acid is a substance (atom, molecule, or ion) that accepts a pair of electrons. A base is a substance (atom, molecule, or ion) that donates a pair of electrons.

14 14.2 Example 1: Identify the Br ønsted-Lowry acid and base in each equation.  NH 4 + (aq) + CN - (aq)  HCN(aq) + NH 3 (aq)

15 14.2 Example 1: Identify the Br ønsted-Lowry acid and base in each equation.  (CH 3 ) 3 N(aq) + H 2 O(l)  (CH 3 ) 3 NH + (aq) + OH - (aq)

16 14.2 Example 1: Identify the Br ønsted-Lowry acid and base in each equation.  HCHO 2 (aq) + PO 4 3- (aq)  CHO 2 - (aq) + HPO 4 2- (aq)

17 14.2 Example 1: Identify the Br ønsted-Lowry acid and base in each equation.  H 3 O + (aq) + HPO 4 2- (aq)  H 2 PO 4 - (aq) + H 2 O(l)

18 14.2 Example 2: Identify if the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. H 2 SO 4

19 14.2 Example 2: Identify if the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOH

20 14.2 Example 2: Identify if the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOH HClO 4

21 14.2 Example 2: Identify if the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOH HClO 4 H 2 CO 3

22 14.2 Example 2: Identify if the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOH HClO 4 H 2 CO 3 HSO 4 1-

23 14.2 Example 2: Identify if the following acids are monoprotic, diprotic, or triprotic. H 2 SO 4 CH 3 COOH HClO 4 H 2 CO 3 HSO 4 1- H 3 PO 4

24 14.2 Example 3: What ion species would be present when the following weak acids dissolve in water? H 3 PO 4

25 14.2 Example 3: What ion species would be present when the following weak acids dissolve in water? H 2 CO 3

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