Transglutaminase type 2 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potential factor in the stabilization of extracellular matrix Sung Shin, MD, Yong-Pil.

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Transglutaminase type 2 in human abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potential factor in the stabilization of extracellular matrix Sung Shin, MD, Yong-Pil Cho, MD, PhD, Heungman Jun, MD, Hojong Park, MD, Hea Nam Hong, PhD, Tae-Won Kwon, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 57, Issue 5, Pages 1362-1370 (May 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.062 Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Relative intensities and typical examples of Western blotting of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 (A), transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 (B) in Max and Neck compared with Control. GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Max, maximally dilated portion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA); NS, not significant.**P < .01; *P < .05 vs Control. n = 3 for all. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1362-1370DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.062) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Immunofluorescent staining for elastin, transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and fibronectin. A, Immunofluorescent staining for elastin (green). B, Double immunofluorescent staining for TG2 (green) and TGF-β (red). C, Double immunofluorescent staining for TG2 (green) and fibronectin (red). Sites of colocalization of TG2/ TGF-β or TG2/fibronectin are indicated as a yellow emission. Bar = 100 μm. CTL, Control; Max, maximally dilated portion of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA); Neck, aortic neck of AAA; Rupture, ruptured portion of AAA. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1362-1370DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.062) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-derived smooth muscle cell (HA-SMC) cultures. A, Primary cultures of HA-SMCs were established by growth from explant of human aorta of AAA patients. B, Primary HA-SMCs were derived by outgrowth from the aortic tissue explant over 2 weeks after explant culture. C, The HA-SMCs at passage 3 were immunostained with α-smooth muscle actin antibody. Bar = 50 μm. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1362-1370DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.062) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Relative intensities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (B), and MMP-9 (C) after 7-day incubation of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-derived smooth muscle cells (HA-SMCs) with exogenous transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) inhibitor or without TG2 inhibitor (Control). GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. **P < .01 vs Control. n = 3 for all. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1362-1370DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.062) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Relative intensities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (A), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (B), and MMP-9 (C) after 7-day incubation of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-derived smooth muscle cells (HA-SMCs) with recombinant human transglutaminase type 2 (rhTG2) or without rhTG2 (Control). GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; NS, not significant. ** P < .01; *P < .05 vs Control. n = 3 for all. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 57, 1362-1370DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.062) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions